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作 者:薛鹏英 陈永杏[1] 朱志平[1] 郝东敏 宋曼 XUE Peng-ying;CHEN Yong-xing;ZHU Zhi-ping;HAO Dong-min;SONG Man(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Anhui Qiangying Duck Industry Group Co,Ltd,Dangshan 235300)
机构地区:[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]安徽强英鸭业集团有限公司,砀山235300
出 处:《中国农业气象》2022年第12期1015-1024,共10页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
基 金:财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-42-23)”。
摘 要:为探究鸭粪施用对土壤环境质量以及梨品质的影响,促进梨树施肥中鸭粪肥部分替代化肥的科学施用,在等氮量替代条件下,以当地习惯施肥为对照(CK),设置30%(DM1)、40%(DM2)、50%(DM3)和60%(DM4)共5种鸭粪替代化肥处理,并于4月和7月对25a树龄的砀山酥梨进行两次施肥;于9月采集不同处理组的土壤和梨样品,检测分析土壤环境质量(土壤养分、重金属、抗生素)以及梨品质指标(可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C)。结果表明:与对照组相比,鸭粪替代组(DM1-DM4)土壤pH提升6%~21%,40-60cm土层有机质得到提升;DM3处理组对土壤中有效磷和速效钾的含量提高最为显著;各处理不同土层重金属含量均符合无公害和绿色食品产地对土壤环境的要求。鸭粪替代化肥施用可提升梨品质,较CK处理梨果中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C分别提升5.21%~17.44%、2.50%~8.45%、0.39%~11.01%。比较各处理结果表明,鸭粪50%替代化肥处理对土壤环境质量提升效果较优,而鸭粪30%替代化肥处理对提升梨品质效果较优。The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of duck manure application on soil environmental quality and pear quality and to promote the scientific application of duck manure to partially replace chemical fertilizers in pear planting.Under the condition of equal nitrogen substitution,the duck manure alternative fertilizer program in this study was divided into five groups including the control group(CK),30%(DM1),40%(DM2),50%(DM3),and 60%(DM4).The duck manure was applied to the pear tree soil in April and July.Soil and pear samples were collected in October.The soil environmental quality(soil pH,soil nutrients,heavy metals,antibiotics)and pear quality parameters(soluble solids,soluble sugars,vitamin C)were also analyzed.The results showed that all the duck manure replacement treatments(DM1-DM4)could significantly increase the soil pH(6%−21%)compared with the control group,and the organic matter of deeper soil(40−60cm)was improved.The most significant effect on increasing the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil was also found in the DM3 group.Fortunately,the contents of heavy metals in different soil layers of each treatment fully meet the requirements of pollution-free and green food producing areas for soil environment.The results also indicated that the application of duck manure improved the pear quality,and the soluble solids,soluble sugars,and vitamin C of pear were increased by 5.21%−17.44%,2.50%−8.45%,and 0.39%−11.01%,respectively.The results showed that 30%duck manure replacing had the best effect on improving pear quality,while 50%duck manure replacing had the best effect on improving soil environment quality.
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