多民族国家民族凝聚力建设探析——以英国、法国和西班牙为中心  

On the Construction of National Cohesion in Multi-Ethnic States:A Case Study of Britain,France and Spain

作　　者：陈玉瑶[1] Chen Yuyao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所世界民族研究室,北京市100081

出　　处：《民族研究》2022年第5期26-37,M0003,共13页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：2021年“国家社科基金社科学术社团主题学术活动资助”项目“21世纪以来增进‘国家民族’凝聚力的国别比较研究”(项目编号:21STA022)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：强化民族凝聚力是现代国家民族建构(nation building)的共识性方向和目标,然而国情不同,各国的理念与实践路径存在差异。法国崇尚国家民族的单一性,认为“个体化”“公民化”方式才是强化团结与认同的必由之路。因此,“团结”理念贯彻于惠及公民个体的各项社会政策及其精细化;西班牙力图构建统一国家框架下各地区、各民族的自治和团结互助,通过“地区间补偿基金”机制落实宪法规定的“团结”原则;英国相信民族凝聚力要从基层“共同体”层面开始逐步向上构建,其共同体政策致力于地方层面的凝聚力建设。全面的国家凝聚力建设在理论路径上至少应该包括三个方面的团结,即公民(人民)的团结,各民族各地区的团结互助,外来移民与本地居民的团结,在实践层面也应从这三个维度进行,三者之间不能互相替代。Strengthening national cohesion is the consensus direction and goal of nation building in modern states.However,different national conditions lead to differences in conceptions and practice paths.France advocates national unity,and believes that "individualization" and " citizenship building" are the only way to strengthen solidarity and identity.Therefore,the concept of solidarity is implemented in all social policies that benefit individual citizens and the refinement of those policies.Spain is trying to build within a unified nation both autonomy and solidarity between its nationalities and regions and fulfill the constitutional principle of " solidarity" by the mechanism of " Inter-territorial Compensation Fund".The UK believes that national cohesion should start from the "community" level and build up step by step.Therefore,its community policy is committed to the local level of cohesion.The construction of comprehensive national cohesion should include theoretically at least three aspects of solidarity:the solidarity among citizens(people),the solidarity between regions and ethnic groups,and the solidarity between immigrants and local residents.In practice,it should also be carried out from these three dimensions without substitute for each other.

关 键 词：民族凝聚力 公民团结 各民族各地区的团结互助 外来移民与本地居民的团结 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学] D756.1[政治法律—政治学] D756.5[政治法律—中外政治制度] D755.1