论二里头文化的宏观聚落形态  

ON THE MACRO-SCALE SETTLEMENT PATTERN OF ERLITOU CULTURE

作　　者：贺俊 He Jun

机构地区：[1]河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心,开封475001

出　　处：《考古学报》2022年第4期461-484,共24页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

基　　金：河南兴文化工程文化研究专项项目(项目编号:2022XWH043)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：目次一环嵩山地区二晋西南地区三其他相关地区四讨论二里头文化是一支以河南偃师二里头遗址为代表的考古学文化,对它的发现与研究已近七十年。截止2021年底,公布的二里头文化遗址已达七百九十三处,经发掘的有百余处。其具有的特色陶器群是辨识二里头文化及其时空范围的关键。一般认为该文化的主体年代处在新砦文化(以新砦遗址第二期遗存为代表)和二里冈文化之间,可分四期,每期可分为早、晚两段。The Erlitou culture settlement site has been discovered and studied for nearly 70 years.Despite the abundance of archaeological materials and research results,a systematic study of this culture from a macro-scale settlement pattern and an investigation of the social conditions and related issues have yet to be carried out.Therefore,on the basis of defining the connotation and spatial and temporal scope of the Erlitou culture,this paper combs the published data of the Erlitou culture settlements and establishes a realistic settlement stratification standard.This paper analyzes the number,stratification,function,spatial distribution,and dynamic evolution of the Erlitou culture settlement sites,including the Songshan area,the Yuncheng-Linfen basin,the Yuanqu basin,and the eastern Henan plain.In addition,the issues of settlement hierarchy,settlement function,settlement site selection,social structure,relationship between center and periphery,as well as the time,direction,and strength of the external spread of Erlitou culture,and the control of valuable resources of the Erlitou people are also discussed.It is learned that the Erlitou capital city was likely to obtain valuable resources and exercise effective control and security over a large area through direct control of secondary and general settlement centers.Using welldeveloped water and land transportation network,Erlitou built up a highly developed and rather complex political,economic,military,and information network.This made it the core and leader in the process of Chinese civilization and laid a solid foundation for the subsequent Shang and Zhou civilizations.

关 键 词：二里头文化 考古学文化 聚落形态 二里冈文化 新砦遗址 偃师二里头遗址 时空范围 发现与研究 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]