基于家属参与的饮食管理在老年维持性血液透析患者中的应用  

Effect of dietary management based on family participation in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients

作　　者：李争艳[1] 苗金红[1] 白景云[1] 雷玉凤 韩雪[1] 胡元元 Li Zhengyan;Miao Jinhong;Bai Jingyun;Lei Yufeng;Han Xue;Hu Yuanyuan(Department of Nephrology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第一附属医院肾脏内科,郑州450000

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2022年第30期4225-4230,共6页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(20A320083)。

摘　　要：目的探讨基于家属参与的饮食管理对老年维持性血液透析(MHD)患者饮食依从行为及营养状况的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选择2019年7月—2020年12月收治的120例老年MHD患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,各60例。对照组给予常规饮食管理,试验组实施基于家属参与的饮食管理。干预6个月后,比较两组患者的饮食依从态度、饮食依从行为及营养状况。结果试验组干预6个月后的社会限制态度、自理态度、接受态度以及饮食依从态度总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组干预6个月后的液体限制行为、摄钾行为、自我护理依从、面对困难依从以及饮食依从行为总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组干预6个月后的血清前清蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白(TRF)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于家属参与的饮食管理有助于增强老年MHD患者的饮食依从态度,促进饮食依从行为的养成,改善患者营养状况。Objective To explore the effect of family-participated dietary management on dietary compliance behavior and nutritional status in elderly maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients.Methods From July 2019 to December 2020,a total of 120 elderly MHD patients admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the research objects,and divided into the experimental group and the control group with 60 cases in each group by random number table method.The control group conducted routine dietary management,and the experimental group received dietary management based on family participation.Six months after intervention,the dietary compliance attitude,dietary compliance behavior and nutritional status were compared between the two groups.Results Six months after intervention,the scores of social restriction attitude,self-care attitude,acceptance attitude and dietary compliance behavior attitude of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of fluid restriction behavior,potassium intake behavior,self-care compliance,compliance in the face of difficulties,and dietary compliance of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The serum prealbumin(PA),albumin(ALB),hemoglobin(Hb),and transferrin(TRF)of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Diet management based on family participation can enhance the attitude of dietary compliance,promote the development of dietary compliance behavior,and improve the nutritional status of elderly patients with MHD.

关 键 词：老年人 透析 维持性血液透析 饮食管理 家属参与 饮食行为 营养状况 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]