CRISPR-Cas9技术在植物次生代谢物生产中的研究进展  

Research Progress of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology on the Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites

作　　者：杨洋 王凤林 刘德 罗园园 朱建华[1] YANG Yang;WANG Fenglin;LIU De;LUO Yuanyuan;ZHU Jianhua(College of Pharmacy,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学药学院,广州510632

出　　处：《生物技术进展》2022年第6期806-816,共11页Current Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81673571);广东省自然科学杰出青年基金(2016A030306009);广州市基础研究项目(202201010107);广州市市校联合资助基础研究项目(SL2023A03J00675)。

摘　　要：基因编辑(gene editing)技术可以对目的基因进行定点插入、敲除和置换。基于CRISPR-Cas9的基因编辑技术是继锌指核酸酶和转录激活样效应物核酸酶之后的第3代基因编辑技术。近年来,CRISPR-Cas9系统作为研究的热点被广泛应用于医学、药学、植物学、动物学和微生物学等领域,但其在植物次生代谢物领域的应用还处于探索时期。阐述了基于CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术的发展历程、工作原理和几种常用的基因编辑方法及其应用实例,总结了CRISPR-Cas9技术在对植物次生代谢产物研究方面的应用。利用CRISPR-Cas9系统可对植物基因组进行定点敲除、突变和插入,以达到提高植物次生代谢物含量、改良作物品质和提高植物抗性等目的。该技术已在植物次生代谢物生物合成关键酶基因的编辑等方面显示出越来越重要的作用。Gene editing technology can carry out target gene insertion,knockout and replacement.Gene editing technology based on CRISPR-Cas9 was the third generation of gene editing technology after zinc finger nuclease and transcription activator-like effector nuclease.In recent years,CRISPR-Cas9 has been applied in multi-aspects as a research hotspot,such as medicine,pharmacy,botany,zoology and microbiology.However,its application in the field of plant secondary metabolites is still in the exploratory period.The development history of gene editing technologies,the principle of CRISPR-Cas9 and the application of technologies were briefly introduced.More importantly,the application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology on plant secondary metabolites production were summarized.CRISPR-Cas9 system can be used to knock out,mutate and insert the plant genome at fixed points,so as to improve the content of plant secondary metabolites,improve crop quality and plant resistance.This technology has shown an increasingly important role in the edition of key enzyme genes involved in the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites.

关 键 词：基因编辑 CRISPR-Cas9 植物次级代谢物 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]