伏牛山粗糠树天然群落物种多样性研究  

Study on Species Diversity of Ehretia Macrophylla Wall.Natural Communities in Funiu Mountain

作　　者：张孟仁 周亚爽 杨铁良 路买林 程红芬 Zhang Mengren;Zhou Yashuang;Yang Tieliang;Lu Mailin;Cheng Hongfen(Henan Forestry Vocational College,Henan Luoyang 471002,China;Xichuan County Forestry Bureau,Henan Xichuan 474450,China)

机构地区：[1]河南林业职业学院生态工程与旅游系,河南洛阳471002 [2]河南省淅川县林业局,河南淅川474450

出　　处：《河南林业科技》2022年第4期5-8,27,共5页Journal of Henan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：河南省野生林木种质资源专项普查(河南省林业局豫林种发[2016]20号)。

摘　　要：粗糠树是果材兼用的多用途树种。采用典型样地调查、生物多样性指数计算等方法对粗糠树群落物种多样性进行调查研究,结果表明:粗糠树群落乔木层树种构成复杂,乔木层物种丰富度显著高于灌木层和草本层。物种多样性指数呈现出草本层>乔木层>灌木层的特点。均匀度变化呈现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层。优势度呈现为:灌木层>乔木层>草本层。各层次物种多样性指数在不同海拔梯度中的变化趋势不同:乔木层表现为随着海拔升高“先下降后升高再下降”的横“S”形变化趋势;灌木层的不同多样性指数变化趋势不同;草本层表现为随着海拔升高先下降后升高的“V”形变化趋势。落种发芽困难导致自然更新受阻、人为砍伐过度导致存量不断减少、存活率下降是粗糠树处于低危边缘状态的主要原因。Ehretia macrophylla is a multi-functional species for both fruit and timber.Typical plot survey methods and biodiversity indexes calculation were used to analyze the biodiversity of Ehretia macrophylla.The Ehretia macrophylla community had complex structure,and the richness of tree species were significantly higher than that in the shrub layer and herb layer.The species richness for different forms were in the following order:the tree stratum was significantly higher than that shrub stratum and herb stratum,the species diversity indexes were in the following order:herb layer>tree layer>shrub layer,and the evenness were in the following order:herb layer>shrub layer>tree layer,and the dominances were in the following order:shrub layer>tree layer>herb layer.The variation trend of species diversity index at different altitudes were different:the tree layer showed an horizontal"S"shape of decreased first,then increased and then decreased with the rise of altitude,the change trend of different diversity indexes of shrub layer were different,and the herb layer showed a"V"change trend of first falling and then rising with the rise of altitude.The main reasons for the low-risk of Ehretia macrophylla were the difficulty of germination leaded to the natural regeneration blocked,Artificial felling caused a decreasing number and the decline of survival rate.

关 键 词：粗糠树 物种多样性 重要值 天然群落 

分 类 号：S727.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]