政府推动的就近城镇化能够消除工资歧视吗  

Can Nearby Urbanization Promoted by the Government Eliminate Wage Discrimination?

作　　者：孟凡强 刘志辉 彭志勇 Meng Fanqiang;Liu Zhihui;Peng Zhiyong

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学经济学院,广州510320

出　　处：《南方经济》2022年第11期92-108,共17页South China Journal of Economics

基　　金：全国统计科学研究一般项目“共同富裕视角下县域农民工市民化质量的统计测度与提升路径研究”(2022LY053);广东省普通高校重点领域专项“要素市场化配置驱动乡村产业振兴研究:作用机理与广东经验”(2020ZDZX1025);广州市哲学社会科学发展“十四五”规划一般课题“广州推进要素市场化配置改革研究:基于城乡劳动力平等就业的视角”(2021GZYB06)资助。

摘　　要：随着大中城市城镇化空间的逐渐饱和以及农民工回流现象的出现,就近城镇化成为推进我国新型城镇化进程的重要模式。文章基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)数据,研究政府推动的就近城镇化对农村劳动力工资收入的影响发现:政府通过征地、户口改革方式推动的就近城镇化并不能够消除工资歧视,实现就近城镇化的农村劳动力在其他条件相同的情况下其工资水平仍然低于城镇本地职工,这一结论在纠正自选择偏差和样本选择偏差后仍然成立。机制分析发现,城镇劳动力市场针对实现就近城镇化的农村劳动力在就业机会方面的歧视与隔离已不明显,同工不同酬成为实现就近城镇化者面临的主要歧视形式,而城乡劳动力之间教育回报率的差异是导致同工不同酬的主要原因。进一步讨论发现,就近城镇化对于农村劳动力参保城镇职工保险具有显著的提升作用,而自我雇佣的就业形式则有助于打破城镇劳动力市场对农村劳动力的收入歧视。文章拓展研究了就近城镇化对农村劳动力工资收入的影响,为政府进一步推进以县域城镇化为主要形式的就近城镇化提供了研究参考。未来应持续推进城乡基本公共服务均等化,进一步缩小城乡教育质量差异,加强农村劳动力“同工同酬”的保护力度,稳步推进农村劳动力的就近城镇化。With the gradual saturation of urbanization in large and medium-sized cities and the emergence of the phenomenon of migrant workers returning, nearby urbanization has become an important pattern of new-pattern urbanization. In the above-mentioned background, based on the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS) data to study the impact of nearby urbanization on the wage income of urbanized migrant workers, the paper finds that nearby urbanization promoted by the government through land expropriation and hukou reform cannot eliminate wage discrimination. Other conditions being the same, the wage level of rural labor force with nearby urbanization is still lower than that of urban local workers. This conclusion is still valid after correcting the self-selection bias and sample selection bias. Mechanism analysis shows that the discrimination and segregation in employment opportunities are not obvious for the rural labor force who has achieved the nearby urbanization, but the unequal pay for equal work has become the main form of discrimination. And the paper also finds that the low return on education leads to the unequal pay for equal work in rural labor force who has achieved nearby urbanization. Further discussion shows that the nearby urbanization has a significant role in promoting the participation of rural labor in urban employee insurance, and the employment form of self-employment helps to break the income discrimination in the urban labor market. This paper not only expands the research on nearby urbanization and wage discrimination, but also provides policy enlightenment for the promotion of the current new-pattern urbanization. The conclusion of this paper shows that in order to eliminate wage discrimination against rural labor force in urban labor market, we should continue to promote the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas, narrow the difference in education quality between urban and rural areas, strengthen the protection of “equal pay for equal work” of rural labor

关 键 词：就近城镇化 工资歧视 教育回报率 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]