夏秋两熟复种对不同甜玉米品种产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Double Cropping in Summer and Autumn on Yield and Quality of Different Sweet Maize Varieties

作　　者：方思杨 张晓梅 安曈昕[1,2] 周锋 杨友琼[1] 吴伯志[1] FANG Siyang;ZHANG Xiaomei;AN Tongxin;ZHOU Feng;YANG Youqiong;WU Bozhi(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China;Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China;Dehong Prefecture Agricul-tural Science Research Institute,Dehong,Yunnan 678400,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省作物生产与智慧农业重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [3]云南省德宏州农业科学研究所,云南德宏678400

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第11期2316-2323,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项“绿色食品国际合作研究中心项目”(No.2019ZG009)。

摘　　要：在热区鲜食玉米的种植研究中,针对不同复种季节筛选适应性品种的研究还较少,为满足鲜食玉米多样化的生产需求,在云南热区德宏州芒市进行甜玉米夏秋两熟复种试验,选用当地主栽甜玉米品种‘库普拉’(T_(1))、‘金中玉’(T_(2))、‘高原王子’(T_(3))、‘瑞佳甜1号’(T_(4)),分析比较各品种两季种植的差异。试验结果表明:两季各品种农艺性状指标差异均达极显著(P<0.01),T_2、T_4株高、茎粗均高于T_(1)、T_(3),秋播平均茎粗、叶面积指数较夏播分别增长8.78%、16.67%,夏播T_(2)叶面积指数较T_(1)增长94.73%,秋播T_(4)较T_(1)株高增长71.76%;两季各品种饲用品质指标差异均达极显著(P<0.01),T_(2)、T_(4)的综合饲用品质较好,T_(2)夏播粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)含量分别增长5.52%、8.93%,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量有效降低5.21%,秋播T_4较T_1粗灰分含量降低40.83%;两季各品种产量产值差异均达极显著(P<0.01),T_(1)、T_(3)产量产值两季均低于T_(2)、T_(4),秋播平均产量较夏播增长24.68%,平均总收益增加57.83%(约3.32万元/hm^(2)),其中T_(2)夏播T_(4)秋播可实现全年果穗总产47.2 t/hm^(2),茎叶总产42.4 t/hm^(2),总产值11.35万元。综合季节性及品种表现的差异性,T_(2)更适合夏播,T_(1)、T_(3)、T_(4)更适合秋播,其中秋播的3个品种综合表现好,依次为T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(1),T_(2)夏播、T_(4)秋播搭配种植可实现效益最大化。In previous studies on fresh maize planting in tropics,there are few studies on selecting suitable varieties for different multiple cropping seasons.A summer-autumn replanting trial of sweet maize was conducted in Mangshi,Yun-nan using the local main sweet maize varieties‘Kupula’(T_(1)),‘Jinzhongyu’(T_(2)),‘Gaoyuanwangzi’(T_(3)),and‘Rui-jiatian-1’(T_(4))to meet the diversified production needs of fresh maize..The differences between the two seasons of each variety were analyzed and compared.The test results showed that the differences of agronomic traits of each vari-ety in both seasons reached a highly significant level(P<0.01),the plant height and stem thickness of T_(2) and T_(4) were higher than those of T_(1) and T_(3),the average stem thickness and leaf area index of autumn sowing increased by 8.78%and 16.67%respectively compared with summer sowing,the leaf area index of summer sowing T_(2) increased by 94.73%compared with T_(1),and the plant height of autumn sowing T_(4) increased by 71.76%compared with T_(1).The difference in forage quality indexes of each variety in both seasons reached a highly significant level(P<0.01),and the overall forage quality of T_(2) and T_(4) was better,the crude protein and ether extract content of T_(2) increased by 5.52%and 8.93%respec-tively in summer sowing,and the acid detergent fiber content effectively decreased by 5.21%,and the crude ash content of T_(4) decreased by 40.83% compared with T_(1) in autumn sowing. The difference in yield production value of each variety in both seasons reached a highly significant level (P<0.01), T_(1) and T_(3)yield production values were lower than those of T_(2) and T_(4) in both seasons, and the average yield of autumn sowing increased by 24.68% compared with summer sowing, and the average total yield increased by 57.83% (about 33 200 RMB per hectare), among which T_(2) summer sowing and T_(4) autumn sowing could achieve a total annual cob yield of 47.2 t/hm^(2), total stem and leaf yield of 42.4 t/hm2, and total prod

关 键 词：鲜食玉米 多熟种植 品种筛选 品质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]