广西百色市芒果树根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌资源初探  

Resources of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Rhizosphere Soil of Mango Trees in Baise,Guangxi,China

作　　者：栗晗 江尚焘 彭海英 高日芳 张金莲[2] 李冬萍[2] 姜柔 董彩霞 陈廷速[2] LI Han;JIANG Shangtao;PENG Haiying;GAO Rifang;ZHANG Jinlian;LI Dongping;JIANG Rou;DONG Caixia;CHEN Tingsu(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricutural University/Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes/Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;Microbiology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省有机固体废弃物协同创新中心/教育部资源节约型肥料工程技术研究中心,江苏南京210095 [2]广西农业科学院微生物研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第11期2334-2344,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD20159001);国家重点研发计划项目(No.2017YFD0202101)。

摘　　要：为探明广西百色市芒果根际土壤丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal, AM)真菌的分布情况,本研究对广西芒果主产区的芒果根际土壤及根系样本进行AM真菌分离,并比较不同施肥制度下芒果根际土壤的AM真菌种类和根系菌根侵染情况。采集5个主施有机肥的芒果园(OT)和5个主施化肥的芒果园(CT)根际土壤,采用湿筛倾析法分离土壤中的AM真菌孢子,通过富集和诱导培养纯化其中的AM真菌,进行分子和形态鉴定。采用墨水醋染色法对根系样本进行染色及内生真菌侵染率的测定。共分离出6种AM真菌,OT处理分离出无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora sp.)1种,近明球囊霉属(Claroideoglomus sp.)1种,类球囊霉属(Paraglomus sp.)1种;CT处理分离出无梗囊霉属2种,近明球囊霉属1种。2种施肥制度分离出的AM真菌种类较少,且分离出的AM真菌种类均较常见,并无特有种。根系染色发现,OT处理菌丝分布较多,AM真菌结构丰富,可明显观察到丛枝和泡囊结构,还发现有少量的深色有隔真菌(dark septate endophytes,DSE);CT处理的菌丝相对较少,泡囊结构和丛枝也较少,DSE相对较多。方差分析结果显示,施肥类型、芒果品种和树龄对AM真菌的根外菌丝、泡囊结构以及孢子密度均有不同程度的影响,其中施用有机肥较化肥对AM真菌的根外菌丝和泡囊结构均有显著的促进作用。综上,本研究筛选所得菌种丰富了我国AM真菌菌种库,并为筛选果树高效AM真菌菌剂奠定物质基础,也为果园管理提供了新方向。In order to find out the distribution of AM fungi in the mango rhizosphere soil in Baise City,Guangxi,AM fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere soil and root samples from the main mango producing areas with both main application of organic fertilizers and main application of chemical fertilizer in Baise,Guangxi,and the species and in-fection of AM fungi under different fertilization regimes were compared.The rhizosphere soils of 5 mango orchards with the main application of organic fertilizer(OT)and 5 mango orchards with the main application of chemical fertil-izer(CT)were collected.The AM fungi spores in the soil were isolated by the wet sieve decantation method,and the AM fungi in them were purified by enrichment and induction culture.The spores were identified molecularly and morphologically. The root samples were stained by the ink-vinegar solution staining method and the infection rate of endo-phytic fungi was determined. Six spore species of AM fungi were identified in the soil samples. Three AM fungal spores including one Acaulospora, one Claroideoglomus and one Paraglomus were identified in OT-treated soil samples. Three AM fungal spores including two Acaulospora, one Claroideoglomus were identified in CT-treated soil samples. Few species of AM fungi were isolated from the two fertilization systems, and the isolated species of AM fungi were rela-tively common, with no endemic species. Root staining showed that OT treatment had more hyphae, AM fungal struc-tures were abundant, arbuscular and vesicle structures could be clearly observed, and a small amount of dark septate endophytes (DSE) were also found. CT treatment had relatively few hyphae, with less vesicular structures and arbus-cules, and relatively more DSE. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the colonization rate of extraradical hy-phae, vesicle structure and spore density were affected by fertilization regime, mango variety and tree ages to a different extent. OT treatment had higher rates of extraradical hyphae and vesicle structure tha

关 键 词：芒果 根际 土壤 丛枝菌根真菌 

分 类 号：S667.7[农业科学—果树学] S154.3[农业科学—园艺学]