城市微环境与盗窃犯罪关系研究进展  

A review on the relationship between urban micro-environment and theft

作　　者：贺力 陈晨 王忠民 安平 刘敏 HE Li;CHEN Chen;WANG Zhongmin;AN Ping;LIU Min(School of Humanities and Social Science,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China;Xi'an Public Security Bureau,Xi'an 710002,China;The School of Management,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,西安710049 [2]西安市公安局,西安710002 [3]西安交通大学管理学院,西安710049

出　　处：《地理研究》2022年第11期2912-2931,共20页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42001164);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(20YJC840014);国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA149);中国博士后科学基金面上资助(2017M623151)。

摘　　要：城市微观社会环境和微观建成环境(即“城市微环境”)失序是影响盗窃犯罪时空格局和形成机理的两大关键因素,直接影响犯罪的机会、成本和手段,掌握微环境与盗窃的关系是CPTED、犯罪地理学的核心内容。本文聚焦国内外城市微环境与盗窃关系的研究进展,系统梳理了影响盗窃时空分异的城市微环境特征,总结了微环境的测度方式。总体上有4类问题待解决:①当前利用手机大数据求算的环境人口指标主要为人口数量和流动性,少有从人口属性、社交规律等方面深层刻画微观社会环境。②缺乏对微观建成、社会环境的系统性整合,易导致伪相关或不相关。③西方犯罪学理论的“本土化”实证研究不够充分,理论内涵和概念存在本土操作化困难,中国实证研究产生的“本土”知识对西方理论有补充性和挑战性,但还需“国际概念化”。④街景已被用于微观建成环境的虚拟测量,但随机选取测量地点的做法因未顾及微观社会环境的非均衡性而缺乏针对性。未来有4方面研究趋势:①与公安部门紧密合作,结合敏感数据,刻画微观尺度人口属性、社交规律等特征,拓展“风险人口”的概念外延,准确反映微观社会环境,开展理论和政策导向的实证研究。②耦合微观社会和建成环境,从社会、环境、行为等多维理论层面辨析两种微观环境的互嵌依据和耦合路径,诉诸“大”数据刻画“微”环境,探索微环境对盗窃的条件交互机制和尺度依赖性。③把握犯罪学理论内涵,兼顾中国城市社会情境,开发理论核心概念“本土”操作化新可能。④持续发展基于街景的远程化、虚拟化、自动化、智能化建成环境观测手段,注重针对性采样和系统性整合研究。The disorders of urban micro-built and social environments("urban microenvironment",UME in short)are key factors that affect the spatial and temporal pattern and formation mechanism of theft,as well as the opportunity,cost and means of crime.To understand the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of their impact on theft is the core content of CPTED and crime geography.This paper focuses on the progress on the link between UME and theft,systematically sorts out the characteristics of UME that affect the spatio-temporal differentiation of theft,and summarizes the measurements of UME.Overall,four issues need to be addressed urgently:(1)At present,the ambient population variables calculated by using mobile phone data are mainly population size and mobility,while the micro-social environment has not been precisely depicted by population's demographic attributes and social regularity.(2)There is a lack of systematic research on the integration of micro-social and built environment,which may lead to pseudo-correlation or irrelevance.(3)The localized empirical research of Western criminological theories is not sufficient,and the theoretical connotation and concept are often difficult to be operated locally.The local knowledge generated by Chinese empirical research is somewhat complementary and challenging to Western criminological theories,but needs to be further"conceptualized internationally".(4)Street view has been used for virtual audit of micro-built environment,but randomly selecting audit sites lacks pertinence,because it paid no heed to the spatial variation of micro-social environment.Four avenues can be proposed for future research:(1)Cooperating with the public security department,employing sensitive data to measure micro-scale population attributes and social regularity,expanding the extension of the concept of"population at risk",and accurately reflecting the micro-social environment.Conducting theoretical and policy-oriented empirical research.(2)Coupling micro-social and micro-built environment,and analyzing the

关 键 词：盗窃 社会环境 建成环境 大数据 街景 

分 类 号：D924.35[政治法律—刑法学] D917.3[政治法律—法学]