农户土地和劳动力资源配置决策及其影响因素  

Farming households’decision of farmland and rural labor allocation and influencing factors

作　　者：吕沛璐[1] 冯淑怡[2] 王博[1,2] 曲福田[2] LV Peilu;FENG Shuyi;WANG Bo;QU Futian(College of PublicAdministration,NanjingAgricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;China Resources,Environment and DevelopmentAcademy,NanjingAgricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院,南京210095 [2]南京农业大学中国资源环境与发展研究院,南京210095

出　　处：《资源科学》2022年第8期1577-1588,共12页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71673144,72174090);国家社会科学基金专项课题(18VSJ060)。

摘　　要：推动农村农地流转和劳动力转移有序健康发展是中国全面深化农村改革、实现乡村振兴的重要内容。本文利用江苏、江西、辽宁和重庆的1248户农户实地调查数据,运用双变量有序probit模型,实证分析了农户农地流转和劳动力转移决策行为的相关关系及其影响因素。研究表明:(1)农户农地流转和劳动力转移决策行为之间具有显著的正向相关关系,农户对土地和劳动力资源的配置决策具有方向一致性的特征。(2)农户农地流转和劳动力转移决策行为受到若干因素的显著影响。农户拥有的人力资本(劳动力数量、劳动力健康、劳动力教育、劳动力年龄、劳动力农业技能培训、受抚养子女比例和老年人比例)、社会资本(劳动力非农务工经验)、自然资本(承包地面积)、物质资本(耐用消费品资产、农业生产性固定资产)以及所在地外部环境特征(村庄农地流转情况、劳动力非农务工情况)都会显著影响农户农地流转和劳动力转移决策行为。本文认为,在农村经济结构转型升级、乡村振兴战略全面推进的新发展格局下,政府应为农村农地流转市场和劳动力市场的协调发展提供相应的政策支持,注重农户不同类型生计资本的数量积累和质量提升,从而进一步提高农户农地流转和劳动力转移的积极性和稳定性。The healthy and orderly development of farmland transfer market and rural labor market in China is an important issue for deepening rural reform and achieving the goal of rural vitalization.Based on the data of 1248 farming households from four provinces,this study analyzed the interrelationship between farmland transfer and off-farm employment,and explored the influencing factors of farmland transfer and off-farm employment using bivariate ordered probit model.The results show that:(1)There is a significantly positive interaction between farmland transfer and off-farm employment,which indicates that farming households’decision making of farmland transfer and off-farm employment is consistent.(2)Farming households’decision making of farmland transfer and off-farm employment is significantly affected by many factors.Farming households’human capital(the number of laborers,health status of laborers,educational level of laborers,age of laborers,agricultural technology training,share of dependent children and share of elderly people),social capital(off-farm employment experience of laborers),natural capital(area of arable land contracted),physical capital(durable assets,agricultural assets),and the external environment characteristics(farmland transfer at the village level,off-farm employment at the village level)have significant effects on farming households’decision making of farmland transfer and off-farm employment.Facing the new pattern of development in rural China,it is necessary to put forward policies to promote balanced development of farmland transfer market and rural labor market,improve the quantity and quality of farmers’livelihood capital,and thus increase the motivation and steadiness of farming households’participation in farmland transfer and off-farm employment.

关 键 词：农地流转 劳动力转移 农户决策 资源配置 影响因素 生计资本 双变量有序probit模型 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济] F323.6