以公开披露情报为武器——乌克兰危机期间拜登政府对情报的另类使用及其战略逻辑  

Public Disclosure as Weaponization:the Biden Administration’s Abnormal Use of Intelligence in the Ukrainian Crisis and Their Strategic Logic

作　　者：张帆[1] Zhang Fan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《美国研究》2022年第5期25-48,5,6,共26页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：乌克兰危机期间,拜登政府不断向国内外公众及时地、大规模地披露经过解密的国家情报。美国国家安全部门、美国私营部门,以及美国盟友或伙伴国政府及非政府组织是此次公开披露情报活动的重要参与者;拜登政府将“全政府—全社会”组织原则应用于公开披露情报,注重各色披露平台之间的协调、配合,形成以拜登政府为关键节点的公开披露平台网络。从披露的内容上看,此次公开披露情报不仅涉及俄罗斯军事能力(包括陈兵俄乌边境的人数、装备及其动态),且涉及军力部署背后的战略动机(包括俄罗斯对乌特别军事行动的前景、时间和理由)。拜登政府在此次乌克兰危机期间的公开披露情报有其深刻的战略逻辑,最终服务于美国的对俄混合战争。美国对俄混合战争倚重经济制裁和外交孤立,为使这两种手段产生最佳效果,需利用信息战为强化经济制裁和外交孤立制造舆论氛围,但俄罗斯在舆论宣传领域的相对优势制约美国信息战的舆论影响。拜登政府在乌克兰危机中实施以“预先驳斥”为导向的对俄信息战,并借助公开披露情报,以国家情报的权威性和及时性助推“预先驳斥”,以国家情报作为“预先驳斥”信息战的关键主题和内容的素材,并凭借协调、合作的披露平台网络,扩大、提升关键主题和内容的传播范围和速度,为制裁和外交孤立的有效实施创造条件。During the Ukrainian crisis, the Biden administration disclosed continuously and timely declassified national intelligence on a large scale to the domestic and international audiences. The U. S. national security institutions, the U.S. private sector, and the government and non-government organizations of the U. S. allies are the important targets of this disclosure campaign. The Biden administration has applied the “all government-all society” to organizing the public disclosure of intelligence, emphasizing cooperation and integration among all kinds of disclosing platforms and forging public networks centered on the Biden administration. In the Ukrainian crisis,the Biden administration has practiced information warfare towards Russia characteristic of prebuttal, which has been consolidated by public disclosure of intelligence, especially by the authority and timeliness of the national intelligence. In such a campaign, national intelligence has become the source for the key themes and contents of the information warfare characteristic of prebuttal, and the integrated, coordinated, and networked disclosing platforms have enhanced communications in terms of scope and speed, which has created beneficial conditions for effective sanctions and diplomacy.

关 键 词：美国军事与外交 乌克兰危机 情报 公开披露 混合战争 信息战 预先驳斥 

分 类 号：D526[政治法律—政治学] D771.2[政治法律—国际政治]