美国高技术产业补贴政策体系探析——以半导体产业为例  

An Analysis of the Subsidy Policy System of American High-tech Industries:Taking the Semiconductor Industry as an Example

作　　者：徐丰[1] 叶雪琰 王若达 Xu Feng;Ye Xueyan;Wang Ruoda

机构地区：[1]中国电子信息产业发展研究院集成电路研究所

出　　处：《美国研究》2022年第5期86-116,7,共32页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：美国在全球高技术产业链中占据重要地位。作为美国高技术产业的核心,美国半导体产业长期享受美国政府的优先补贴,得以在多个细分领域占据全球领导地位。近年来,美国频频推动半导体产业补贴立法,联邦政府和各州政府也通过多种形式,对美国重点半导体企业进行了巨额补贴。美国半导体产业补贴具有4个主要特点:一是联邦政府以研发补贴为主,侧重于基础性研究和部分应用研究;二是有效利用国防、政府采购服务等世界贸易组织规则例外空间;三是州政府补贴形式多样,补贴侧重于生产和制造环节;四是采取贸易投资限制等变相支持措施,单边主义和保护主义色彩较重。不仅如此,美国还在加大半导体补贴力度的同时,进一步加强对华竞争战略,限制中国半导体产业的发展。The United States occupies an important position in the global hightech industrial chain. As the core of American high-tech industry, the American semiconductor sector has long enjoyed a preferential American government subsidy, and has been able to occupy the global lead position in many sub-fields. In recent years, the United States has frequently promoted legislated semiconductor industry subsidies, and the federal and state governments have also given various huge subsidies to key semiconductor enterprises in the United States. In addition, the United States is increasing its semiconductor subsidies, and at the same time, it is further strengthening its competition strategy with China to restrict the development of the Chinese semiconductor industry.

关 键 词：美国经济 产业补贴 高技术产业补贴 半导体产业补贴 芯片企业补贴 

分 类 号：F416.63[经济管理—产业经济] F817.12