从惠顿的《国际法原理》到丁韪良的《万国公法》——近代中国国际法译介新探  

From Wheaton’s Elements of International Law to W.A.P.Martin’s Wanguo Gongfa-A New Inquiry into the Translation of International Law in Modern China

作　　者：闫行健 Yan Xingjian

机构地区：[1]香港大学历史系,中国香港

出　　处：《美国研究》2022年第5期133-160,8,共29页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：美国驻普鲁士前大使、国际法学家亨利·惠顿的《国际法原理》一书在面世后的百年间(1836~1936),通过不断再版和修订,成为国际法学科发展中的一座里程碑,对国际法学科做出了持久性的贡献。由丁韪良翻译的该书的中译本《万国公法》影响巨大,在其传播过程中,时常出现读者“只知译者丁韪良,不识作者惠顿”的情况。自20世纪80年代,我国学界有关丁韪良和《万国公法》的研究日益增多,但对惠顿和《国际法原理》较少涉及。此外,由于缺乏对一手材料的溯源和掌握,我国学界在丁韪良翻译《万国公法》的问题上看法不一。本文主要依据惠顿和丁韪良的档案,以及《国际法原理》和《万国公法》在中国、美国、日本、加拿大的诸多现存版本等材料,梳理惠顿的生平,分析《国际法原理》的成书、评价与影响,以期厘清《万国公法》的成书过程、翻译意图、翻译蓝本等问题。Elements of International Lawby Henry Wheaton, publicist and the United States minister to Prussia, made a lasting contribution to the field of international law in the century after its publication(1836-1936).Through its ongoing reprinting and extension, it has also become a milestone in the evolution of the international law discipline. The Chinese version of the book,Wanguo Gongfa, was translated by William Alexander Parsons Martin and was so influential that it has led to a scenario in which readers frequently “ only know the translator, but not the author.” Even though there have been an increasing number of studies of “ Martin andW anguo Gongfa” in China through the 1980s, “Wheaton and Elements of International Law” receives less attention. Based on Wheaton and Martin’s archives as well as many existing editions ofElements of International Law andWanguo Gongfain China, the United States, Japan, and Canada, this article focuses on Wheaton’s life, the development, evaluation, and influence ofElements of International Law, as well as the process of translatingW anguo Gongfa, the translator’s intent, and its blueprint.

关 键 词：美国历史 中美关系史 《万国公法》丁韪良 《国际法原理》亨利·惠顿 国际法 

分 类 号：D990[政治法律—国际法学]