中国固定资本存量与研发资本增长效应重估  

Re-estimation of China’s Capital Stock and R&D Capital Growth Effect

作　　者：许永洪[1] 王璐[1] 杜瑶 XU Yonghong;WANG Lu;DU Yao(School of Economics,Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2022年第11期179-200,共22页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(21&ZD146);福建省创新战略研究项目(2021R004)的资助。

摘　　要：本文在新的国民经济核算规范SNA2008和CSNA2016下,重新估算了中国固定资本存量与研发资本的增长效应。本文严格参照SNA2008的测算框架和国内研究进展对中国研发资本和总固定资本存量进行了估算,并依照国际核算规范对研发资本的再认识扩展了索洛增长模型。研究发现,中国固定资本存量在1990~2019年快速增长,年均增长率达13.27%,到2019年中国固定资本存量增长至81.889万亿元;进一步将研发资本扩展进索洛增长模型,发现中国研发资本年均经济增长效应为5.85%,年均经济增长贡献率为53.98%,其中直接效应为22.51%,间接效应为31.48%,是推动中国经济增长的重要因素。分地区来看,东中部地区研发资本存在显著的增长效应,因此促进市场良性竞争环境、提高科技转化率和产研结合效率是扩大研发资本经济增长效应和提升经济增长贡献率的重要路径。In 2008, the revised version of the System of National Accounts(SNA2008), co-edited by the United Nations and other international organizations, was released. It officially treated R&D(Research and Development) activities as investment activities and treated the part of R&D expenditure that can provide economic benefits to its owners as R&D capital formation. According to the latest version of SNA, China completed the revision of its national accounting system in 2015, and subsequently released the Chinese System of National Economic Accounts in 2016. We strictly refer to the measurement framework of SNA2008 and domestic research progress to estimate China’s general and R&D capital stock and expand the Solow growth model based on the updated definition of R&D capital in accordance with international accounting standards.We provide a complete framework for accounting for China’s general fixed capital stock and R&D capital stock, which together make up the total capital stock. When estimating R&D capital stock, we separated it into two parts according to the latest international accounting practice: the stock of market producers and of non-market producers. The depreciation rate of market producers was set to 32.75%, following the estimate of Xu Yonghong and Wang Lu(2020), while that of non-market producers was set to 15%, after the estimate of Griliches(1979). Moreover, we used the Perpetual Inventory Method to estimate the capital stock. The basic data mainly came from intramural expenditures on R&D from the China Statistical Yearbook of Science and Technology, and can be divided into two parts: routine expenses and assets expenditure. R&D capital formation excludes capital expenditures such as land and buildings, adjusts for return on capital and net production tax, supplements missing data, and adjusts prices using the cost method. The calculation method for general fixed capital stock follows the main results of Wang Wei et al.(2017), which divide the general fixed capital of different provinces into ten c

关 键 词：研发资本存量 全要素生产率 经济增长效应 

分 类 号：F222[经济管理—国民经济]