LEO空间碎片甚短弧角度数据初轨确定方法对比  

Comparison of Initial Orbit Determination Methods with Very-Short-Arc Angle Observations from LEO Space Debris

作　　者：雷祥旭 夏胜夫 杨洋 王啸臻 张郑元 李振伟[5] 桑吉章 LEI Xiangxu;XIA Shengfu;YANG Yang;WANG Xiaozhen;ZHANG Zhengyuan;LI Zhenwei;SANG Jizhang(School of Civil and Architecture Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000;National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;School of Geodesy and Geomatics,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079;63768 of PLA,Xi’an 710600;Changchun Observatory,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130117)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学建筑工程学院,淄博255000 [2]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [3]武汉大学测绘学院,武汉430079 [4]中国人民解放军63768部队,西安710600 [5]中国科学院国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站,长春130117

出　　处：《空间科学学报》2022年第5期984-990,共7页Chinese Journal of Space Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41874035);武汉大学地球空间环境与大地测量教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(21-01-02);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202200701)共同资助。

摘　　要：光学观测是空间目标观测中最常见的一种观测方式。采用扫描模式工作时光学观测得到的观测弧段弧长通常很短,有时甚至不到被观测空间目标运行周期的1%,这样的角度数据被称为甚短弧角度数据。基于近圆LEO空间碎片地基实测场景,研究比较仅利用角度数据进行初始轨道确定常用方法的性能差异,分析观测弧长对不同初轨确定算法的定轨成功率和误差的影响,为初轨确定工作提供参考。对比分析了常用的几种方法,包括Laplace方法、Gauss方法、Gooding方法和近几年提出的距离搜索算法等。大规模实测数据处理结果显示,距离搜索算法的成功率高于90%,初轨半长轴统计误差仅为25 km。初轨结果表明,距离搜索算法定轨成功率高于其他算法。研究成果可为解决空间碎片初轨确定问题提供参考。Optical observation is the most common observation method for space objects.When optical telescopes work in scanning mode,the obtained observation arc length is usually very short,even less than 1%of the orbital period of the observed space object.And such angle observation arc is called Very-Short-Arc(VSA)angle observation.Based on the VSA of the near-circular LEO space debris,this paper studies the performance differences of commonly used methods for initial orbit determination.The influence of observation arc length on the success rate and error of different initial orbit determination algorithms is analyzed.The results can provide reference for initial orbit determination.Several commonly used methods,such as Laplace method,Gauss method,Gooding method and Range-Search(RS)algorithm,proposed in recent years,are compared and analyzed.The results of large-scale VSA show that the success rate of the RS algorithm is higher than 90%,and the statistical error of the semi-major axis of the initial orbit elements is only 25 km.Results show that the succeed rate of RS method is better than other algorithms.The research results can provide reference for subsequent observation data processing.

关 键 词：空间碎片 目标编目 甚短弧 角度数据 初轨确定 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程] V412.41[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]