美日同盟中日本对美战略依附性考察  

An Examination of Japan’s Strategic Dependence on the United States in the U.S.-Japan Alliance

作　　者：项昊宇 XIANG Hao-yu

机构地区：[1]中国国际问题研究院亚太研究所,北京100005

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2022年第6期72-86,126,共16页Northeast Asia Forum

摘　　要：二战后日美缔结了不对等的军事同盟关系,日本在外交、安全和经济上全面依附追随美国,素有美国“附庸国”之说。日本对美战略依附的形成有特殊的历史背景和社会思想根源,在日本战后改造和发展进程中,对美结盟带来的现实利益掩盖了对美依附产生的民族自尊心伤害,无奈接受虽不平等但符合国家利益的对美关系,成为日本社会主流认识。日本对美依附归根到底是对本国利益综合权衡的结果,当前和今后考虑是否维系对美不对等关系主要取决于四方面因素——价值认同、政治回报、经济利益和安全保障。只要上述动因不发生全面颠覆性变化,“美主日从”的基本架构难以发生动摇。同时,在美国实力相对下滑和中美博弈加剧的大背景下,日本对美心态和政策取向也会在“向心”和“离心”之间持续摇摆,同盟困境始终存在。而美国为维系全球霸权,不会放弃对日掌控,同时也会加大对日借重利用,赋予日本更大自主空间,促日分担更大责任,使日本对美依附性呈现表面上的弱化。After the Second World War,Japan and the United States forged a non-reciprocal military alliance. Japan became fully dependent on the United States in terms of diplomacy,security and economy,and was known as a "client state" of the United States. The formation of Japan’s strategic dependence on the United States has special historical background and social ideological roots. During Japan’s post-war transformation and development,the benefits overshadowed the damage to its national pride caused by its dependence on the US,and it became the mainstream understanding of Japanese society that it had no choice but to accept a relationship with the US that was unequal but able to serve Japan’s national interests. Japan’s dependence on the US is the result of a comprehensive consideration of its national interests. The current and future consideration of whether to maintain a nonreciprocal relationship with the US depends on four key factors :value recognition,political rewards,economic interests,and security guarantees. As long as the above-mentioned factors exist,the structure of the "US-led-Japanese subordination" will hardly be shaken. At the same time,against the backdrop of the relative decline in US power and the tensions between China and the US,Japan’s mindset and US policy will continue to swing between "centripetal" and "centrifugal",and the dilemma of the alliance will always exist. In order to maintain global hegemony,the US will not give up its control over Japan,but will also increase its reliance on Japan while giving Japan more autonomy and urging it to share more responsibilities,making Japan’s dependence on the United States appear superficially weakened.

关 键 词：日美关系 美日同盟 战略依附 日本外交 中日关系 联盟政治 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]