咸阳市职业性尘肺病流行病学特征及社会保障情况  

Epidemiological characteristics and social security status of occupational pneumoconiosis in Xianyang

作　　者：冉利群 宁玉洁 张佳 王丽萍 韩五子 王莹莹 晁国刚 RAN Li-qun;NING Yu-jie;ZHANG Jia;WANG Li-ping;HAN Wu-zi;WANG Ying-ying;CHAO Guo-gang(Department of Emergency,Xianyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shaanxi 712000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]咸阳市疾病预防控制中心应急科,陕西712000 [2]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2022年第11期1050-1053,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：2020年基本公共卫生服务(原重大公共卫生项目)中央补助资金(陕财办社[2020]79号)。

摘　　要：目的分析1949-2019年咸阳市职业性尘肺病流行病学特征及社会保障情况,为预防控制尘肺病提供科学依据。方法采用SPSS 23.0统计软件对1949-2019年咸阳市诊断的所有职业性尘肺病患者进行统计学分析。结果1949-2019年咸阳市共诊断职业性尘肺病8种281例,以煤工尘肺和矽肺为主,分别为151例(53.74%)和111例(39.50%);主要分布在煤炭开采和洗选业,共175例(62.28%);男性271例(96.44%),女性10例(3.56%);主要分布在彬州市,构成比为39.86%(112/281);不同种类尘肺发病年龄差异无统计学意义(BF=3.145,P>0.05);不同种类尘肺病接尘工龄差异有统计学意义(BF=6.005,P<0.05)。现存的167例尘肺病患者中,享受工伤保险的74例,占44.31%;无工伤保险,也未享受用人单位一次性赔付的34例,占20.36%;享受医疗救助、扶贫救助等其他救助的7例,占4.19%。结论1949—2019年咸阳市职业性尘肺病以煤工尘肺和矽肺为主,主要分布在煤炭行业。尘肺病患者社会保障情况较差。Objective To provide scientific basis for prevention and control over pneumoconiosis by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics and social security status of occupational pneumoconiosis in Xianyang from 1949 to 2019.Methods The SPSS 23.0 statistical software was applied to conduct statistical analysis on all cases of occupational pneumoconiosis diagnosed in Xianyang from 1949 to 2019.Results A total of 281 occupational pneumoconiosis were diagnosed and divided into 8 types from 1949 to 2019 in Xianyang,pneumoconiosis and silicosis of coal workers dominated,being 151 cases(53.74%)and 111 cases(39.50%)respectively,and the cases were mainly distributed in coal mining and washing industries,there were a total of 175 cases(62.28%),including 271 males(96.44%)and 10 females(3.56%).The cases with a composition ratio of 39.86%(112/281)were mainly distributed in Binzhou,and difference in the onset age of cases with different types of pneumoconiosis wasn′t statistically significant(BF=3.145,P>0.05).Difference identified in the dust exposure period among different types of pneumoconiosis was statistically significant(BF=6.005,P<0.05).In the surviving 167 pneumoconiosis patients,74 cases were covered by employment injury insurance,accounting for 44.31%,34 cases were neither covered with employment injury insurance nor one-time compensation paid by employers,accounting for 20.36%,and 7 cases received medical assistance,poverty support and other assistance,accounting for 4.19%.Conclusion The main occupational pneumoconiosis in Xianyang from 1949 to 2019 is dominated by pneumoconiosis and silicosis and mainly distributed in coal industry.Patients with pneumoconiosis are found to have poor coverage of social security.

关 键 词：尘肺病 流行病学特征 接尘工龄 发病年龄 社会保障 工伤保险 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]