不同生育期渍水寡照对小麦干物质分配和产量的影响  

Effects of waterlogging and sunlight shortage on physiological and ecological of wheat at different growth periods

作　　者：江敏 林聃[1] 孙彬 薛昌颖 石春林[2] JIANG Min;LIN Dan;SUN Bin;XUE Changyin;SHI Chunlin(Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics,Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops/Collegeof Agriculture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Institute of Agricultural Information,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique of CMA,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学农学院/作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室,福州350002 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业信息研究所,南京210014 [3]中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2022年第4期10-21,共12页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31671574);中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室开放课题(AMF201806)。

摘　　要：以宁麦13和扬麦23为供试材料,设置渍水(WG)、寡照(SG)和渍水+寡照(WS) 3种胁迫处理方式,并在小麦拔节期、孕穗期及灌浆期进行不同持续时间(5、10、15 d)的盆栽试验处理,研究冬小麦不同生育期内渍水寡照胁迫对冬小麦干物质分配和产量的影响。结果表明:拔节期WG处理和WS处理导致茎分配指数增加,绿叶分配指数降低;孕穗期WG处理导致穗与绿叶分配指数下降,WS处理茎分配指数最高而绿叶分配指数最低;灌浆期WG处理导致茎分配指数增加,而使穗分配指数降低,WS处理茎、绿叶、穗分配指数所受影响均较小。拔节期SG处理绿叶分配指数降低,茎分配指数增加,孕穗期SG处理穗分配指数降低,灌浆期SG处理造成穗分配指数下降和茎分配指数增加。拔节期WG处理对产量影响最明显,宁麦13号和扬麦23号分别减产37.4%和28.5%;孕穗期和灌浆期均以WS处理减产幅度最大,孕穗期WS处理宁麦13号和扬麦23号产量分别下降47.9%和36.0%,灌浆期2个品种分别减产49.1%和37.3%。综合而言,拔节期不同处理导致的平均减产幅度最小(19.5%),而孕穗期不同处理导致的小麦平均减产幅度最大(28.7%)。In order to quantify the effects of waterlogging and sunlight shortage on dry matter distribution and yield of winter wheat in different growth stages, Ningmai 13 and Yangmai 23 were used as test materials, and three stress treatments of waterlogging(WG), sunlight shortage(SG) and waterlogging+sunlight shortage(WS) were set at jointing, booting and filling stages of wheat for different time durations(5, 10 and 15 days). The results showed that the partition of the stem increased while green leaf partition decreased significantly at jointing stage under WG treatment and WS treatment. At booting stage, WG treatment reduced green leaf and spike partition, and the stem partition was the highest while the green leaf partition was the lowest in WS treatment. During the filling stage, WG treatment caused an increase in the stem partition and decrease in the partition of spike, and WS treatment had little influence on stem, green leaf and spike partition. In the jointing stage, SG treatment caused the partitions of green leaf decreased, the partition of the stem increased. Sunlight shortage led to the partition of the spike decreased during the booting stage, and caused the partition of the spike decreased and the partition of the stem increased during the filling stage. For yield, WG treatment at jointing stage significantly reduced the yield by 37.4% and 28.5% for Ningmai-13 and Yangmai-23, respectively. At the booting and filling stage, WS treatment exhibited the most significant impact. The yield of Ningmai-13 and Yangmai-23 decreased by 47.9% and 36.0% for booting stage,and 49.1% and 37.3% for filling stage,respectively.Overall,the average yield declined 19.5% at jointing stage and 28.7% at booting stage under different treatments.

关 键 词：小麦 渍水 寡照 光合速率 干物质分配 产量构成 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] S162.5