不同类型运动鞋对篮球运动急停起跳动作的生物力学影响  

Effects of Different Soles on Biomechanics of Athletes’ Sudden Stop and Take-off

作　　者：窦海波[1] DOU Hai-bo(Xianyang Normal University,Xianyang 712000,China)

机构地区：[1]咸阳师范学院,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《中国皮革》2022年第11期84-88,103,共6页China Leather

基　　金：陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(19JK0915);陕西省教育科学规划课题(SGH17H201)。

摘　　要：运动动作组合的多样性和对抗激烈性直接决定了运动员在运动过程中需以自身纵轴作为中心进行全面的立体化争夺,这体现于运动员占位、弹跳力、身体碰撞等多个方面。篮球运动中急停起跳、转向跳跃等技术动作十分常见,而动作的激烈性很容易导致运动员受伤,因此,选择更为合适的运动鞋对于运动员而言非常重要。据此,基于三维测力台对不同篮球运动鞋对运动员急停起跳技术动作的影响进行了测试分析。结果表明,篮球鞋可在很大程度上提高急停起跳动作时的地面水平制动力,不同运动鞋在前后制动力设计上存在明显区别,而篮球鞋设计最利于前后向的突发性制动;运动鞋的缓冲性能优于裸脚,所以篮球运动时穿着运动鞋更佳,但不同运动鞋之间差异不具备显著性意义;运动鞋对于急停起跳动作时水平向合力摩擦的影响具有显著性意义,可切实有效增大摩擦力,但不同运动鞋之间差异不具备显著性意义。The diversity of movement combinations and the intensity of confrontation directly determine that athletes need to take their own longitudinal axis as the center for a comprehensive three-dimensional competition in the process of sports,which is reflected in many aspects,such as athletes’ space occupation,jumping force,body collision and so on.In basketball,technical actions such as sudden stop and take-off,turning and jumping are very common,and the intensity of the action can easily lead to athletes’ injury.Therefore,it is very important for athletes to choose more appropriate sports shoes.Based on the three-dimensional force measuring platform,the influence of different basketball shoes on the technical action of athletes’ sudden stop and take-off,was analyzed.The results show that basketball shoes can greatly improve the ground horizontal braking force during sudden stop and take-off,there are obvious differences in the front and rear braking force design of different sports shoes,and the design of basketball shoes is most conducive to the front and rear sudden braking.The cushioning performance of sports shoes is better than bare feet,so it is better to wear sports shoes in basketball,but the difference between different sports shoes is not significant.The influence of sports shoes on the friction coefficient of horizontal resultant force during sudden stop and take-off,is significant,it can effectively improve the friction coefficient of sole and increase the friction,while the difference between different sports shoes is not significant.

关 键 词：慢跑鞋 篮球鞋 运动员 急停起跳动作 

分 类 号：TS94[轻工技术与工程—服装设计与工程]