新发展格局下提振消费需求的机制、难点与对策  

Mechanisms, Difficulties and Countermeasures of Boosting Consumer Demand under the New Development Pattern

作　　者：楠玉[1] NAN Yu(Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100836,China;School of Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Bejing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所(中国社会科学院大学经济学院),北京100836

出　　处：《经济体制改革》2022年第5期28-34,共7页Reform of Economic System

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“消费与人力资本关联机制及其对创新效率影响研究”(20CJL032)。

摘　　要：当前,我国消费需求对增长的拉动作用显著,但受疫情等外部冲击影响并不稳定,未来仍有较大的提升空间;高层次消费占比较低,消费结构升级滞后;区域消费发展不平衡,消费升级呈现“逆城市化”等特征。其原因主要有以下几个方面:投资和外需拉动型增长模式挤压了消费对增长的贡献;劳动收入份额占比较低且趋于下降,人力资本升级滞后阻碍了中产阶级形成;家庭资产负担过重,对居民消费形成严重挤占;产业结构升级滞后,缺乏对部分高层次消费的有效供给。未来,应重视恢复消费与投资间的结构平衡,通过改善收入分配、提升劳动收入占比、引导产业转型升级、完善社会保障和公共服务等有效激发消费需求提升,并推动消费结构升级,使消费需求更好地发挥对增长的带动作用。At present, the consumer demand has a significant role in driving growth, but it is not stable due to external shocks such as the epidemic, and there is still a lot of room for improvement in the future. The proportion of high-level consumption is relatively low, and the upgrading of consumption structure lags behind. Regional consumption development is unbalanced. Consumption upgrading presents “counter-urbanization” and other characteristics.The main reasons are as follows: the growth model driven by investment and external demand has squeezed the contribution of consumption to growth;the share of labor income is low and tends to decline, and delayed upgrading of human capital hinders the formation of the middle class;household assets are overburdened, which seriously crowds out residents’ consumption;the upgrading of the industrial structure is lagging behind, and there is a lack of effective supply for some high-level consumption. In the future, attention should be paid to restore the structural balance between consumption and investment by improving income distribution, increasing the proportion of labor income, guiding industrial transformation and upgrading, improving social security and public services, to effectively stimulate the increase in consumption demand and promote the upgrading of consumption structure, so that consumer demand will play a better role in driving growth.

关 键 词：新发展格局 消费需求 国内大循环 消费结构升级 劳动收入份额 

分 类 号：F126.1[经济管理—世界经济]