房屋建筑物纵向逐跨坍塌爆破拆除关键技术探讨  

Discussion on Key Technology of Demolishing Buildings by Longitudinal Span-by-span Collapse Blasting

作　　者：贾永胜 刘昌邦[1,2,3] 伍岳 黄小武[1,2,3,4] JIA Yong-sheng;LIU Chang-bang;WU Yue;HUANG Xiao-wu(State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China;Wuhan Explosion&Blasting Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430056,China;College of Science,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉430056 [2]江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉430056 [3]武汉爆破有限公司,武汉430056 [4]武汉科技大学理学院,武汉430065

出　　处：《爆破》2022年第4期10-16,共7页Blasting

基　　金：湖北省自科基金重点项目(创新群体2020CFA043);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)。

摘　　要：爆破拆除技术以其安全、高效的特点,已经成为拆除高层楼房的首选技术。近年来,城市高层楼房逐渐呈现出规模大型化、环境复杂化和结构多样化的特点。针对城市复杂环境下房屋建筑物爆破拆除面临倒塌空间受限的难题,结合多个爆破拆除典型工程案例,分析了纵向逐跨坍塌爆破拆除技术的基本原理,探讨总结其相关爆破参数的设计原则:纵向逐跨坍塌方式宜采用梯形爆破切口,切口闭合角应不小于25°,后排应预留足够刚度的支撑区;纵向分区延期时间宜取0.3~0.6 s,纵向跨度或刚度较大的框剪结构楼房分区延期时间应适当延长。通过3个楼房爆破拆除实例,阐述了动力学有限元软件对楼房纵向逐跨坍塌爆破设计方案仿真验算分析的可行性,模拟计算时可通过拉应力或主应变失效来控制楼房主体构件的破坏解体。纵向逐跨坍塌爆破技术具有爆堆堆积范围较小、破碎解体效果好、减小楼房触地振动等优点,适用于高宽比小、长宽比大的楼房爆破拆除,应用前景广阔。实际工程中,应根据现场环境条件、楼房结构特点和技术风险等综合比选确定最佳的爆破方案。Because of its safety and high efficiency,blasting demolition technology has become the preferred technology for demolition of high-rise buildings.In recent years,urban high-rise buildings have gradually shown the characteristics of large scale,complex environment and various structures.Aiming at solving the problem of limited collapse space in the blasting demolition of buildings in complex urban environment,the basic principle of longitudinal span-by-span collapse blasting demolition technology is analyzed with several typical engineering cases of blasting demolition.Meanwhile,the design principles of related blasting parameters are discussed and summarized.The trapezoidal blasting incision should be adopted in the longitudinal span-by-span collapse mode,the closure angle of the incision should be no less than 25°,and the support area with sufficient stiffness should be reserved in the rear row.Furthermore,the extension time of longitudinal partition should be 0.3~0.6 s,and the partition delay time of frame-shear structure buildings with a large longitudinal span or stiffness should be properly extended.Through three examples of blasting demolition of buildings,the feasibility of the simulation and analysis of the longitudinal and span collapse blasting design scheme of buildings by dynamic finite element software is expounded.In simulation calculation,the failure of main components of buildings is controlled by tensile stress or principal strain failure.By a contrastive analysis,longitudinal span-by-span collapse blasting technology has the advantages of small accumulation range of blasting pile,good crushing and disintegration effect,and reduction of building touchdown vibration.It is suitable for the blasting demolition of the buildings with small height-width and large length-width ratios,and it has broad application prospects.In practical engineering,the best blasting scheme should be determined according to the comprehensive comparison of site environmental conditions,building structure characteristics a

关 键 词：拆除爆破 纵向逐跨坍塌 楼房拆除 设计方法 

分 类 号：TU746.5[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]