多排孔大区块爆破压渣厚度对电铲铲装效率的影响研究  

Study on Influence of Buffer Thickness in Large Block Blasting with Multiple Rows of Holes on Loading Efficiency of Rope Shovel

作　　者：谢烽 刘玉龙 常剑 黄磊 李小龙 XIE Feng;LIU Yu-long;CHANG Jian;HUANG Lei;LI Xiao-long(North Blasting Technology Co.,LTD.,Beijing 100097,China;CGNPC Uranium Resources Co.,LTD.,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北方爆破科技有限公司,北京100097 [2]中广核铀业发展有限公司,北京100029

出　　处：《爆破》2022年第4期85-91,共7页Blasting

摘　　要：为探索压渣厚度对电铲铲装效率的影响,我们在炮孔直径为251 mm,台阶高度为7.5 m的生产区块爆破中设计了厚度分别为8 m、10 m、12 m和15 m的压渣。通过对爆后电铲铲装效率的统计,同时分析爆破块度分布及爆堆高度,确定了最佳的压渣爆破厚度。试验结果显示:当压渣厚度为10 m时,不同开挖纵深处,其块度分布均为最佳,尤其是400~600 mm的块度区间比例最高;爆堆隆起高度达到12.6 m,在所有测试中最接近电铲的最佳铲装高度,此时电铲铲装效率最高;区块排数对压渣爆破效果有很大影响,最佳的炮孔排数为10排,超过10排后,爆破效果不佳,电铲铲运效率降低,在进行多排孔大区块压渣爆破时,10排之后的爆破参数需要调整;采用压渣爆破后,有效作业时间增加了1 h,矿石贫化率降低了3%,在湖山铀矿全寿期内累计可以累计创造4.5亿美元的经济效益。该项研究首次将压渣爆破技术推广至多排孔大区块(20~30排)爆破中,这既符合大型矿山生产的客观需求,也是设备大型化后的必然趋势。可以使得湖山矿爆破更为精细化的同时,也可以为国内外类似的矿山爆破提供重要的现场数据。In order to explore the influence of buffer thickness on the production efficiency of rope shovel in a blast,buffer thickness values of 8 m,10 m,12 m and 15 m are respectively designed with a hole diameter of 251 mm and a bench height of 7.5 m in the production blasting block.Based on the statistical analysis of the rope shovel production efficiency,the blasting fragmentation distribution and the blasting muck pile height,the best buffer thickness is determined.The results show that when the buffer thickness is 10 m at different excavation depths,there is the best fragmentation distribution with the largest proportion of 400~600 mm.Moreover,the height of the blast muck pile can reach 12.6 m,which conforms to the optimal height range and loading efficiency of the rope shovel.Meanwhile,the optimum number of blast hole rows is 10,for it has a significant impact on the buffer blasting effect.If there are more than 10 rows of blast holes,the blasting effect and the loading efficiency of the rope shovel will be affected.At this time,the blasting parameters of the blast holes after the 10 rows should be adjusted.Last but not least,buffer blasting improves the effective operation time by 1 hour and reduces the ore dilution rate by 3%,which can create an economic benefit of 450 million US dollars during the full life of Husab uranium mine.It is the first time to promote buffer blasting technology to large block blasting with multiple rows(20 to 30 rows),which is not only in line with the objective needs of large-scale mine production,but also an inevitable trend after large-scale equipment is used.Meanwhile,it promotes the refined blasting of Husab Mine more,and can also provide important field data for similar mine blasting at home and abroad.

关 键 词：爆破工程 压渣爆破 铲装效率 块度分布 隆起高度 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]