吸水树脂对粉状乳化炸药耐热及爆炸性能影响  

Effect of Super Absorbent Polymer on Heat-resistant and Explosive Performance of Powder Emulsion Explosives

作　　者：林谋金 代永富 陆路 薛冰 马宏昊[2] 谢钱斌 LIN Mou-jin;DAI Yong-fu;LU Lu;XUE Bing;MA Hong-hao;XIE Qian-bin(School of Environment and Resource,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials(LMBD),University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Hongda Blasting Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,绵阳621010 [2]中国科学技术大学中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点实验室,合肥230026 [3]宏大爆破工程集团有限责任公司,长沙410125

出　　处：《爆破》2022年第4期148-152,170,共6页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12172313、11802255);工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室开放基金项目(20kfgk06)。

摘　　要：为了提高粉状乳化炸药耐高温能力,将吸水后的吸水树脂添加到粉状乳化炸药中,然后通过热电偶测得上述混合炸药在高温炮孔中的温升曲线,通过爆速仪与网线测得上述混合炸药在炮孔中的爆速。结果表明:由于水具有较大的比热容,吸水后的树脂在高温炮孔中可吸收热量与释放水蒸气,从而使混合炸药温升速度大幅降低;另外,由于吸水后的树脂与粉状乳化炸药混合后会泌水,使混合炸药内部受热比较均匀且能维持在100℃以下;随着吸水树脂含量逐渐增加,混合炸药耐热性能显著提高。由于混合炸药的密度高于粉状乳化炸药,即使吸水树脂在爆轰反应过程中会吸收热量以及阻碍爆轰波传播,但含10%吸水树脂的混合炸药的爆速与湿的粉状乳化炸药(3980 m·s^(-1))相当,并相对于粉状乳化炸药(3733 m·s^(-1))提高了6%~11%。随着吸水树脂含量逐渐增加,混合炸药的爆速大幅下降甚至出现拒爆,而且吸水树脂粒径对爆速影响也较为显著。综合考虑,在粉状乳化炸药中加入粒径为10 mm且含量为10%的吸水树脂为较优方案,其既能提高混合炸药在高温炮孔中的安全性,又不影响混合炸药的爆炸威力,对露天自燃煤矿高温爆破具有重要意义。In order to improve the high-temperature resistance of powder emulsion explosive,the super absorbent polymer(SAP)after absorbing water was added.Then the temperature rise curves of the mixed explosive in the high-temperature blast holes were measured by thermocouple,and the detonation velocities of the mixed explosive in the blast holes were measured by corresponding instrumentation.The results show that the SAP after absorbing water can absorb heat and release water vapor in the high-temperature blast hole,which greatly reduces the temperature-rising rate of the mixed explosive due to the large specific heat capacity of water.In addition,since the SAP after absorbing water will secrete water after mixed with the powder emulsion explosive,the mixed explosive is heated evenly and can be maintained below 100℃.The heat resistance of the mixed explosive is significantly improved with the increasing of the SAP content.Because the density of the mixed explosive is higher than that of the normal powder emulsion explosive,the detonation velocity of the mixed explosive containing 10%SAP is equivalent to that of the wet powder emulsion explosive(3980 ms^(-1)),and is 6%to 11%higher than that of the powder emulsion explosive(3733 ms^(-1)),even though the SAP will absorb heat and hinder the propagation of detonation waves during detonation reaction.With the gradual increase of the SAP content,the detonation velocity of the mixed explosive decreases greatly and even fails to explode,and the particle size of the SAP has a significant effect on the detonation velocity.By comprehensive consideration,SAP with particle size of 10 mm accounting for 10%of to the powder emulsion explosive is a better choice,which can not only improve the safety of the mixed explosive in high-temperature blast holes,but also does not affect the explosive power of the mixed explosive.

关 键 词：爆炸力学 粉状乳化炸药 吸水树脂 耐热性 爆速 高温爆破 

分 类 号：TJ5[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O384[理学—流体力学]