火电站煤粉炉爆破除焦  

Coke Removal of Pulverized Coal Furnace in Thermal Power Station by Blasting

作　　者：林代恒 张忠祥 张余中 曾飞翰 马滨 LIN Dai-heng;ZHANG Zhong-xiang;ZHANG Yu-zhong;ZENG Fei-han;MA Bin(Guizhou Zhongtian blasting Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550081,China;Guizhou Jinsha County Golden diamond Blasting Engineering Service Co.,Ltd.,Jinsha County 551800,China;Sichuan Panzhihua Public Security Bureau,Panzhihua 617000,China;Yahua group Panzhihua Xinxiang Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Panzhihua 617100,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中天爆破有限公司,贵阳550081 [2]贵州省金沙县金钻爆破工程服务有限公司,金沙县551800 [3]四川省攀枝花市公安局,攀枝花617000 [4]雅化集团攀枝花鑫祥化工有限公司,攀枝花617100

出　　处：《爆破》2022年第4期153-157,共5页Blasting

摘　　要：火力发电站煤粉炉结焦,是燃煤工业锅炉的普遍现象。贵州金沙黔北电站至建厂以来,锅炉年平均结焦次数达52次之多,严重影响电站的正常生产。为保证生产,该电站3#锅炉大修期间采用爆破除焦。锅炉结焦多附着于煤粉炉水冷壁侧,通过对爆破环境-炉膛空间,煤粉炉结焦的形成原因和组成成分分析,采用小药量0.6~1.5 kg、多频次裸露爆破。利用爆破直接破碎焦体的同时,小药量多频次爆破振动使焦体脱离水冷壁除焦;在施工中根据炉膛中结焦体所处位置不同,采用水平支撑、预放滑竿和钢绳牵引3种不同的药包布置方式;在安全措施方面提出了一次爆破作业时间控制在3 min以内,出现意外采取相应的回收药包、冷却重新装药或在高温环境中等待自然爆炸等应急措施。通过精心设计、施工,爆破取得了理想的效果,为以后煤粉炉水冷壁爆破除焦,提供了实践经验。Coking of pulverized coal furnace in thermal power stations is a common phenomenon of coal-fired industrial boiler.Since the establishment of Qianbei Power Station in Jinsha,Guizhou,the average annual coking frequency of boilers has reached 52 times per year,which has seriously affected the normal production of the power station.In order to ensure production,blasting decoking is adopted during the overhaul of the 3#boiler in the power station.The boiler coke is mostly attached to the water-cooled wall of the pulverized coal boiler.So,the first job is to analyze the blasting environment,furnace space,the causes of coking and the components of the coke.Based on the analysis,a plan of multiple times of exposed blasting with a small charge of 0.6~1.5 kg is adopted.When the coke body is directly broken by blasting,the blast vibrations also contribute to the coke removal.According to the different positions of the coke body in the furnace,three different packaging modes are used for horizontal support,pre-slide rod and steel rope traction.In terms of safety measures,it is proposed that the time of blasting operation should be controlled within 3 min and emergency measures such as recovery of charge bag,cooling and recharging or waiting for natural explosion in high temperature environment should be taken when accidents occur.Through careful design and construction,the blast has obtained ideal results,which provides practical experience for similar coke removal projects.

关 键 词：火电煤粉炉 锅炉结焦 水冷壁 裸露爆破 爆破除焦 

分 类 号：TU746.5[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]