工商业人权条约规治模式的中国方案构想  

Designing China s Regulatory Mode for Enforcing the Business and Human Rights Treaty

作　　者：何志鹏[1] 鲍墨尔根 He Zhipeng;Baumergen

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2022年第5期84-96,共13页Law and Modernization

基　　金：吉林大学“中国式现代化道路与人类文明新形态”哲学社会科学研究创新团队项目(2022CXTD05);国家社科基金重点项目“国家形象导向下的中国国际法话语权提升机制研究”(19AFX024)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：为解决跨国公司侵犯人权问题,工商业人权条约的制定是必要的。国际社会各方对条约的规治模式有不同的要求,我国应在当前的工商业人权立法流程下,参考现有的规治模式,构建自己的方案。从调整内容和执行机制角度分析现有的工商业人权国际法实践,可以归纳出《指导原则》、零草案及第三版修订草案三种立法模式。三种模式的主要特征分别为“所有企业+倡导性尊重义务+无执行机制+过程导向”“跨国企业+法定保障义务+国内机制+结果导向”及“所有商业活动+法定保障义务+国内机制+结果导向”。从保障效果、被接受度看,零草案模式最为均衡。基于自身的规治需求进行考量,中国应参考零草案模式来构建自己的方案,推进涉外法治体系的建设。In order to solve the problem of human rights violations by transnational corporations,it is necessary to formulate a business and human rights treaty,and all parties of the international community have different requirements for the regulatory model to enforce the treaty.Under the current legislative process involving business and human rights,China should refer to the existing regulatory model and develop its own approach.Analyzing the current international law practice from the perspectives of the content and the mechanism of the regulation over business and human rights,we can identify three legislative models established by the Guiding Principles,Zero Draft,and the Third Revised Draft.Correspondingly,the main features of the three models are“all enterprises+advocacy of respect obligation+no implementation mechanism+process orientation”;“transnational corporations+legal guarantee obligation+domestic implementation mechanism+outcome orientation”;and“all business activities+legal guarantee obligation+domestic implementation mechanism+outcome orientation”.From the perspective of guarantee effect and acceptance,the zero draft model is the most balanced.Considering its own regulatory needs,China should build its own regulatory scheme based on the zero-draft model,so as to promote the construction of a system of foreign-related rule of law.

关 键 词：工商业人权 跨国公司 涉外法治 中国方案 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学] F279.2[政治法律—法学]