宪法视角下的个人信息保护:性质厘清、强度设定与机制协调  

Personal Information Protection from the Constitutional Perspective:Its Nature,Intensity and Mechanism

作　　者：彭錞 Peng Chun

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2022年第4期50-64,共15页Law and Modernization

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“失信联合惩戒制度的法治困境及对策研究”(20CFX019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“个人信息权益的法律性质为何”“对个人信息应给予何种强度的法律保护”以及“多种个人信息保护法律机制之间是何关系”,这是我国个人信息保护法治建设面临的三大难题。传统部门法视角陷入个人信息权益是公法权利还是私法权利、是权利还是法益、是人身权还是财产权、是以民法保护还是公法保护为基础的争论,难以有效回应这些难题。只有认识到个人信息受保护权是一项宪法基本权利,才能摒弃部门法视角导致的无谓争论,转而在宪法视角下,采用领域理论、比例原则以及基本权利双重性质等分析工具,场景化地区分个人信息,开展利益衡量,明确不同场景下的国家消极和积极义务,协调统合多个法律部门,对个人信息提供更加合理、高效和全面的保护。What is the legal nature of the rights and interests of personal information? What intensity should be given to the legal protection of personal information? And what is the relationship between the various legal mechanisms for protecting personal information? These are the three major issues facing the development of the legal protection of personal information protection in China.The traditional departmental legal perspective is trapped in the debate about whether personal information rights are public law rights or private law rights,rights or legal interests,personal rights or property rights,and whether they are based on civil law protection or public law protection.The traditional perspective cannot effectively address these problems.Only by recognizing that the right to protecting personal information is a basic constitutional right,can we abandon the unnecessary disputes caused by the conventional perspective,and instead use analytical tools such as the domain theory,the principle of proportionality,and the dual nature of basic rights from the constitutional law perspective to distinguish different types of personal information,carry out balancing tests,clarify the negative and positive obligations of the state in different scenarios and coordinate multiple legal mechanisms,in order to provide more reasonable,efficient and comprehensive protection of personal information.

关 键 词：民法典 个人信息保护法 宪法基本权利 个人信息受保护权 领域法 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]