我国污水排放余氯限值规定及监测、控制方法研究进展  

Research Progress of Residual Chlorine in Wastewater Effluent:Domestic Guideline Values,Monitoring and Control Methods

作　　者：洪韫韬 肖融 杨文源 方超 楚文海[1] HONG Yuntao;XIAO Rong;YANG Wenyuan;FANG Chao;CHU Wenhai(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2022年第12期2639-2646,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.52091542,52170009);国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFC3200700)。

摘　　要：含氯消毒剂在我国污水处理过程中普遍使用,其在灭活病原微生物的同时会增加出水余氯浓度,对生态环境造成影响.新冠肺炎疫情防控期间,含氯消毒剂的使用量大幅增加,余氯问题更加凸显.为对我国水污染物排放标准中余氯限值的制定和修订提出可参考的建议,比较了国内外现有各类水污染物排放标准中的余氯限值,并总结分析余氯监测及控制方法的研究进展.结果表明:①我国多项水污染物排放标准包含出水中余氯限值规定,如《医疗机构水污染物排放标准》规定采用氯化消毒的医院污水直接排放总余氯浓度应低于0.5 mg/L,北京、上海等地的地方污水综合排放标准规定直接排放的污水总余氯浓度应低于0.5 mg/L,但我国城镇污水处理厂消毒尾水中的余氯至今仍缺乏标准管控.②我国余氯测定标准中规定的余氯监测方法为N,N-二乙基-1,4-苯二胺(DPD)滴定法和分光光度法,近年来余氯的仪器分析法和传感器法也得到迅速发展.③余氯控制方法包括以二氧化硫和亚硫酸盐为脱氯剂的化学脱氯法、活性炭脱氯法和还原性金属材料脱氯法等.因此,建议我国在未来城镇污水处理厂排放标准中考虑纳入余氯限值规定,并关注余氯监测及控制方法的发展与规范制定.In China,chlorine-containing disinfectants are widely used in wastewater treatment.As pathogenic microorganisms are inactivated,residual chlorine concentration in wastewater effluent increase,posing ecological risks.During the COVID-19 pandemic,chlorine-containing disinfectants have been widely used,increasing residual chlorine problems.This study compared the guideline values of residual chlorine in various domestic and international discharge standards,summarized and analyzed the research progress of residual chlorine monitoring and control methods,and provide some suggestions for the formulation and revision of residual chlorine limits in pollutant discharge standards.The results show that:(1)The guideline values of residual chlorine were stipulated in some domestic discharge standards.As stipulated in Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Medical Organizations,the concentration of total residual chlorine in directly discharged hospital effluent should be lower than 0.5 mg/L.The integrated wastewater discharge standards of Beijing and Shanghai stipulated that the total residual chlorine concentration of all directly discharged wastewater should be lower than 0.5 mg/L.However,there are no guideline values of residual chlorine in the disinfected effluent of the WWTP(wastewater treatment plant).(2)Standard methods for monitoring residual chlorine included N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine titration and spectrophotometry.In recent years,instrumental analysis methods and sensor methods have also been developed rapidly for residual chlorine monitoring.(3)The residual chlorine control methods included chemical dechlorination with sulfur dioxide and sulfite as dechlorinating agents,activated carbon and reducing metal materials.As for the enlightenment,it is suggested that China should include the residual chlorine limit in the discharge standards of WWTP in the future,and pay attention to the development of residual chlorine monitoring and control methods and the formulation of the corresponding standards.

关 键 词：余氯 污水消毒 水污染物排放标准 监测方法 控制方法 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]