污水新型冠状病毒监测研究进展及启示  

Research Progress and Implication of Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2

作　　者：侯敏 谢玉为 毛怡心 张晓[1] 张良 王园媛 郑和辉[1] 顾雯[1] 雒月云 周海健[3] 姚孝元[1] 张岚 唐宋 HOU Min;XIE Yuwei;MAO Yixin;ZHANG Xiao;ZHANG Liang;WANG Yuanyuan;ZHENG Hehui;GU Wen;LUO Yueyun;ZHOU Haijian;YAO Xiaoyuan;ZHANG Lan;TANG Song(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health,National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China;Toxicology Center,University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon,SK S7N5B3,Canada;State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Center for Global Health,School of Public Health,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室,中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021 [2]萨斯喀彻温大学毒理学中心,萨斯喀彻温萨斯卡通SK S7N5B3 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,传染病预防控制国家重点实验室,北京102206 [4]南京医科大学公共卫生学院全球健康中心,江苏南京211166

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2022年第12期2647-2656,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项重点攻关项目(No.2022-1G-4231)。

摘　　要：新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,全球多个国家和地区频繁在污水中检测出新型冠状病毒核酸.开展基于污水流行病学的污水新型冠状病毒监测,可作为人群新冠肺炎监测的重要补充,获得的核酸浓度数据和序列突变分析结果,可为新冠肺炎疫情早期预警、早期发现无症状感染者、评估感染规模、监测人群流行趋势、开展病毒溯源调查、制定防控政策等提供科学依据.鉴于此,本文系统介绍了国内外污水中新型冠状病毒的来源及影响病毒存活的主要因素,归纳了常用的污水新型冠状病毒富集浓缩和核酸检测方法,概括了全球已开展的监测项目、进展及现存科学问题,指出了现有研究的局限性,包括缺乏污水中新型冠状病毒的分布特征及感染性研究、预测预警模型开发与应用不足等.为我国下一阶段新冠肺炎疫情或者未来可能出现的突发重大疫情的精准防控提供借鉴与参考,提升我国应对传染病及非传染病的预测预警、流行规模评估及精准施策的能力.Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has been found in wastewater frequently worldwide.Based on the wastewater-based epidemiology(WBE),wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 can complement population surveillance for COVID-19.Quantification of viral load and genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 can help early warning of COVID-19 outbreaks,early identification of asymptomatic cases,assessment of infection scale,prediction of pandemic trend status,and identification of virus sources to provide scientific basis for polices for the prevention and control.Accordingly,here,the sources of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater at home and abroad and the major factors affecting the survival of virus were reviewed.Common methods to concentrate,detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 were reviewed,with an overview of global surveillance projects,progresses,and remaining scientific issues.Some shortcomings of the current procedures,including the lack of sufficient information on distribution characteristics and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and limited development and application of prediction models were also discussed.WBE can provide insight into the scientific prevention and control of COVID-19 in the face of current or future pandemics in China,and enhance China′s ability to deal with the surveillance and early warning,epidemic scale assessment,and accurate policy-making for the infectious and non-infectious diseases.

关 键 词：污水流行病学 新冠肺炎 暴发 病毒变异 富集浓缩 检测方法 精准防控 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TU992.3[建筑科学—市政工程]