2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对上海市宝山区社区慢性病患者生活方式的影响  

Lifestyle of patients with chronic diseases in the communities in Baoshan District of Shanghai during COVID-19 period in 2020

作　　者：吴萃[1] 丁丽艳 陈秋艳 黎衍云[3] 姜丽英 WU Cui;DING Liyan;CHEN Qiuyan;LI Yanyun;JIANG Liying(Baoshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201901,China;Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Nantong University,Nantong,Jiangsu 226019,China;Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China;Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences,Shanghai 201318,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心,上海201901 [2]南通大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,江苏南通226019 [3]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336 [4]上海健康医学院,上海201318

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2022年第10期1038-1043,共6页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(GWV-7)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情对慢性病患者(高血压和/或糖尿病)生活方式的影响,为更好地开展慢性病预防与控制工作提供参考。【方法】采用分层抽样方法随机选择上海市宝山区社区截至2019年9月仍在管理的高血压和糖尿病患者960名作为研究对象,并于2020年3月1日—4月30日通过电话随访的形式进行调查,剔除不配合调查或未完成调查者,共613人完成调查问卷。对慢性病患者在2020年COVID-19疫情期间的生活方式与2019年进行比较和分析。【结果】疫情期间,有规律性体育锻炼活动和交通活动的人数比例均低于疫情前(P<0.05);患者轻、中和重度活动的比例低于疫情前(P<0.05);患者每天坐着或靠着的时间多于疫情前(P<0.05)。不同年龄和病种的慢性病患者在疫情期间的饮食遵医嘱情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在患有高血压与不患高血压者之间,食物总摄入量(χ^(2)=7.994,P<0.05)和主食饮食情况(χ^(2)=6.677,P<0.05)差异有统计学意义;在患有糖尿病与不患糖尿病者之间,食物总摄入量(χ^(2)=10.694,P<0.05)和主食摄入情况(χ^(2)=9.523,P<0.05)差异有统计学意义。疫情期间慢性病患者对最近一次慢性病相关的测量指标值不甚了解,且存在不安、担心、紧张、焦躁和易激等情绪问题。【结论】慢性病患者在疫情期间生活方式有所改变,锻炼和出行的情况有所减少,而久坐时间增加,多数患者存在不安和紧张等不同程度的心理情绪问题。增加锻炼强度、频次以及改善心理健康,均有可能较好地预防和控制慢性病发生。[Objective]To explore the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on the lifestyles of patients with chronic diseases and to help better chronic disease prevention and control during the epidemic.[Methods]The patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes who were still under management in Baoshan District,Shanghai at the end of September 2019 were selected for the investigation through telephone follow-up from March 1 to April 30 in 2020.960 participants were selected using a stratified random sampling method.Those who did not complete the investigation for any reasons were excluded.A total of 613 people were effectively investigated.We compared and analyzed the lifestyles of patients with chronic diseases during 2020(COVID-19)with those in 2019.[Results]During the epidemic,the proportion of people who had regular physical exercise(P<0.05)and transportation activities(P<0.05)was lower than that before the epidemic.The proportion of people with light,moderate and heavy activity intensity(P<0.05)was lower than before the epidemic,and the difference was statistically significant.The time spent on sitting or leaning was more than that before the epidemic(P<0.05).As for the condition of complying with the doctor’s advice,no significant difference was found in different age and chronic disease groups.There was a statistically significant difference in total food intake(χ^(2)=7.994,P<0.05)and staple foods(χ^(2)=6.677,P<0.05)between patients with or without hypertension.There was a statistically significant difference in total food intake(χ^(2)=10.694,P<0.05)and staple food intake(χ^(2)=9.523,P<0.05)between those with or without diabetes mellitus(P<0.05).Patients with chronic diseases during the epidemic could not know about latest values of measurement index and had emotional problems such as restlessness,nervousness and irritability.[Conclusion]Patients with chronic diseases changes their lifestyles during the epidemic,and their exercise and travel conditions decrease during the COVID-19 lockdown period.Most patients have d

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 高血压 2型糖尿病 健康状况 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]