临近空间飞行器氢燃料电池电推进关键技术  

Key technologies of hydrogen fuel cell electric propulsion for near space vehicles

作　　者：王绍成 齐济 Wang Shaocheng;Qi Ji(Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航天动力研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《空天技术》2022年第5期58-67,共10页Aerospace Technology

摘　　要：氢燃料电池发电技术是未来临近空间飞行器动力系统领域的研究热点。通过分析国内外先进新能源动力无人飞行器的研究进展,指出了临近空间飞行器氢燃料电池发电系统的应用瓶颈。根据氢燃料电池发电系统的运行特点,结合临近空间与地面环境状态差异,提出了亟待解决的主要问题。重点分析了燃料电池空气路高增压比实现技术、空气路尾排能量回收技术、氢气综合利用技术、空间散热技术及多能源管理技术。针对各分系统存在的关键技术难点,结合工程项目经验,给出了部分切实可行的解决方案,为燃料电池应用于临近空间电推进无人飞行器提供借鉴。Power generation technology of hydrogen fuel cell will become a research hotspot, focusing on the replacement of near space vehicle power system in the future. By analyzing the domestic and foreign research progress of advanced new energy-powered unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), the application bottleneck of hydrogen fuel cell power generation systems for near space vehicles is pointed out. According to the operational characteristics of hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, the main problems that need to be solved are combined with the difference of the environment state between the near space and the ground.The realization technology of high boost ratio of fuel cell air circuit, airway tail exhaust energy recovery technology,hydrogen comprehensive utilization technology, space cooling technology and multi-energy management technology are analyzed with emphasis. Aiming at the key technical difficulties of each sub-system, combined with the experience of engineering projects, some feasible solutions are given. It provides research ideas for the application of fuel cells to near space vehicles.

关 键 词：临近空间飞行器 氢燃料电池 动力系统 电推进 航空推进 

分 类 号：V23[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]