河北平原农业灌溉以电折水系数影响因素研究  

Factors influencing electricity-to-water conversion metering method for irrigation water consumption in Hebei Plain

作　　者：李飞 陶鹏 齐永青[2] 李红军[2] 王鸿玺 王宁 裴宏伟[4] 张喜英[2,5] LI Fei;TAO Peng;QI Yongqing;LI Hongjun;WANG Hongxi;WANG Ning;PEI Hongwei;ZHANG Xiying(Marketing Service Center of State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050035,China;Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-saving,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;Luancheng Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Shijiazhuang 051430,China;Hebei University of Architecture/Hebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]国网河北省电力有限公司营销服务中心,石家庄050035 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室,石家庄050022 [3]栾城区农业技术推广中心,石家庄051430 [4]河北建筑工程学院/河北省水质工程与水资源综合利用重点实验室,张家口075000 [5]中国科学院大学现代农学院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第12期1993-2001,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：河北省节水科技创新专项(21326410D,21327004D);国网河北省电力有限公司项目(SGHEYX00SCJS2100077);国家自然科学基金项目(41930865,41877169);中国科学院国际伙伴计划一带一路专项(153E13KYSB20170010)资助。

摘　　要：“以电折水”是一种农业灌溉用水的间接计量方法,通过建立灌溉耗电量与取水量之间的定量关系,实现利用灌溉耗电量数据间接求算灌溉用水量。以电折水系数是灌溉取水量与耗电量的比值,其准确性是影响该方法进行灌溉用水间接计量的主要因素。本研究基于县域农业灌溉以电折水系数与地下水位监测结果,分析了河北平原区以电折水系数的区域特征以及地下水埋深对以电折水系数的影响;选择位于山前平原区的中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站为典型地点,开展了机井用电量和抽水量关系的灌溉试验研究,分析了灌溉时长、灌溉方式和季节等要素对以电折水系数取值的影响规律。本研究发现:1)同等地下水埋深条件下,山前平原区以电折水系数高于中东部平原区,且随着地下水位埋深增加,以电折水系数降低。地下水埋深每增加10 m,山前平原区深层井以电折水系数降低0.42 m^(3)∙kWh^(−1),中东部平原区深层井降低0.15 m^(3)∙kWh^(−1)。2)灌溉试验结果表明,机井的灌溉耗电量与取水量关系较为稳定,同一机井不同次灌溉之间的以电折水系数波动幅度为5.7%;受地下水水位季节性变化的影响,3月上旬到6月中旬的灌溉季内以电折水系数季节性变化幅度约为±10%;管灌、喷灌等不同灌溉方式对实际以电折水系数具有显著影响,管灌比喷灌的以电折水系数高28.8%。3)目前的河北平原县域以电折水系数测算结果尚不能满足农户灌溉用水计量和水权、水资源税核定的需求,应考虑地下水季节性变化、灌溉技术类型差异和非灌溉用电的影响,进一步提高以电折水方法的计量精度。Regional grain production in the Hebei Plain relies on groundwater irrigation to maintain high and stable yields.However,numerous irrigating wells are scattered,making it difficult to obtain reliable groundwater abstraction for agricultural irrigation.The electricity-to-water conversion method is an indirect measurement of groundwater pumping.The use of electric energy consumption as a proxy offers a solution to the problems of maintenance and acceptance,as electricity is usually metered for fee collection and metering is well accepted.Moreover,it can be efficient and convenient in measuring groundwater abstraction for agricultural irrigation.Based on the electricity-to-water conversion factors of county-level agricultural irrigation and the monitoring results of groundwater depth,this study analyzed the regional characteristics of the electricity-to-water conversion factor and the correlation between groundwater depth and the conversion factor in the Hebei Plain.The Luancheng Agro-Ecosystem Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,as a typical site,was selected for the irrigation experiment to study the relationship between electricity consumption and groundwater abstraction and analyze the influence of time consumption,irrigation method,and seasonal variation of the electricity-to-water conversion factor.We found that:1)Under the same depth of groundwater level,the electricity-to-water conversion factors in the piedmont region were higher than those in the mid-eastern region of the Hebei Plain,and with a declining water table,the electricity-to-water conversion factor decreased.For every 10 m decrease in the water table,the electricity-to-water conversion factor of the deep aquifer in the piedmont and mid-eastern regions decreased by 0.42 m^(3)∙kWh^(−1) and 0.15 m^(3)∙kWh^(−1),respectively.2)The results of the irrigation experiment showed that the relationship between electricity consumption and groundwater abstraction was relatively stable,and the fluctuation range of the electricity-to-

关 键 词：地下水灌溉 以电折水系数 灌溉水量 用水计量 河北平原 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]