硝化型和异养型生物絮团养殖系统罗非鱼养殖效果和微生物群落结构比较  

Comparison of culture effects and microbial community structure of tilapia in nitrifying and heterotrophic bioflocs culture systems

作　　者：杜欣泽 刘文畅[1,2] 谭洪新[1,2] 罗国芝[1,2] 万玉美 DU Xinze;LIU Wenchang;TAN Hongxin;LUO Guozhi;WAN Yumei(Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University,Qinhuangdao 066000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [3]河北农业大学海洋学院,河北秦皇岛066000

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2022年第5期1108-1119,共12页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会资助项目(19DZ2284300);农业农村部渔业渔政管理局资助项目(125A0604);河北省重点研发计划项目(20326701D)。

摘　　要：为了解硝化型和异养型生物絮团养殖系统的养鱼效果,在硝化组和异养组中试养吉富罗非鱼(GIFT Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼51 d,比较研究罗非鱼的生长性能、非特异性免疫酶活以及消化酶活性、水体及肠道微生物的群落结构。结果显示,两组罗非鱼的成活率和增重率无显著性差异;异养组罗非鱼的非特异性免疫酶活性显著高于硝化组。硝化组罗非鱼肠道的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均显著高于异养组,异养组的蛋白酶显著高于硝化组。罗非鱼肠道微生物占比前5的优势门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和衣原体门(Chlamydiae),其中变形菌门是各组中最主要的菌群。硝化型水中占比前4的优势门为变形菌门,绿弯菌门,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes);异养型水中占比前4的优势门为变形菌门,绿弯菌门,拟杆菌门,放线菌门。分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)是水体和肠道中最主要的潜在致病菌,而Diplorickettsiaceae和邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)均保持在较低水平。水体和肠道中除梭菌属(Clostridium)外其余潜在致病菌如气单胞菌属(Aeromonas),黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)等含量水平硝化型组均高于异养型组。通过鱼类生化指标以及肠道和水体微生物群落结构的对比结果发现异养型生物絮团更有利于罗非鱼幼鱼的养殖。In order to understand the operating effects of the nitrification and heterotrophic biofloc culture systems,the experiment was conducted to culture GIFT Oreochromis niloticus juveniles in the nitrification group and the heterotrophic group for 51 days,and to compare the growth performance and non-specific immune enzyme activity,digestive enzyme activity of tilapia,and community structure of water and intestinal microorganisms.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the growth performance indicators such as survival rate and weight gain rate of the two groups of tilapia.The non-specific immune enzyme activity of the heterotrophic group tilapia was significantly higher than that of the nitrification group.The activities of amylase and lipase in the intestine of tilapia in the nitrification group were significantly higher than those in the heterotrophic group,and the protease in the heterotrophic group was significantly higher than that in the nitrification group.The top 5 dominant phyla of tilapia intestines are Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi,Firmicutes and Chlamydiae.Among them,the Proteobacteria phylum is the most important flora in each group.The top 4 dominant phyla in the water of the nitrification group are Proteobacteria,Chloroflexus,Bacteroidetes,and Planctomycetes;the top 4 dominant phyla in the water of the heterotrophic group are Proteobacteria,Chloroflexus,Bacteroides,and Actinomycetes.Mycobacterium is the most important potential pathogenic bacteria in water and intestinal tract,while Diplorickettsiaceae and Plesiomonas maintained at a low level.Except for Clostridium,other potential pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas and Flavobacterium in the water and intestines were higher in the nitrifying group than in the heterotrophic group.Through the comparison of the cultivation effect,fish biochemical indexes and intestinal microorganisms,it was found that heterotrophic bioflocs were more beneficial to the cultivation of juvenile tilapia.

关 键 词：生物絮团 罗非鱼 微生物 非特异性免疫 消化酶 

分 类 号：S965.125[农业科学—水产养殖]