江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区麋鹿死亡分析  

Analysis of the Père David’s deer population mortality in Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve

作　　者：任义军 孙大明 甄军爱 王立波 赵雨梦 沈华 刘彬 陈玉清[2] REN Yijun;SUN Daming;ZHEN Junai;WANG Libo;ZHAO Yumeng;SHEN Hua;LIU Bin;CHEN Yuqing(Milu National Natural Reserve,Dafeng 224136,China;School of Life Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210024,China;School of Life Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210046,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区管理处,大丰224136 [2]南京师范大学生命科学学院,南京210024 [3]南京大学生命科学学院,南京210046

出　　处：《兽类学报》2022年第6期741-748,共8页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ [2019] 49,LYKJ [2019] 24)。

摘　　要：麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)曾是中国特有的大型沼泽湿地型鹿科动物。由于人类活动、气候变化和历史变迁等因素,麋鹿于1900年前后在中国本土灭绝,少数圈养个体流落海外(计宏祥,1985;曹克清和陈彬,1990)。1986年我国从英国引进39头麋鹿放养在苏北沿海滩涂,建立了大丰麋鹿自然保护区,1997年晋升为江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区(以下简称:大丰麋鹿保护区)。From 2009 to 2020,we systematically investigated the population,mortality,and death factors of Père David’s deer(Elaphurus davidianus)in the Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve,Jiangsu,China.The result showed the annual growth rate of the population was 13.09%±5.96%,which continuously increased in the 12 years.The annual mortality rate was 3.53%±2.27%,with an obvious fluctuation every 2 years.There was no significant difference in mortality of adults and sub-adults in different seasons,but significant in juveniles.Significant differences in mortality among different age groups were observed.The adults died most in summer and autumn,while the juveniles died most in winter and spring.48.77%of subjects tend to choose the underbrush for dying.The death factors among different age groups were significantly different.The elders and the juveniles mainly died of epidemic diseases,including viral,bacterial,and parasitic.While the sub-adults died in accidents.We suggested that it is necessary to strengthen the daily monitoring and epidemic disease prevention in wildlife management.Our data provided important information for the protection of Père David’s deer in Dafeng Reserve.

关 键 词：麋鹿 野生动物 死亡率 种群管理 疫病 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]