行政许可设定权的层级分配——基于中国立法实践的研究  

Hierarchical Allocation of Administrative License Setting Power——Research Based on Chinese Legislative Practice

作　　者：俞祺[1] YU Qi(Peking University Law School、Center for Constitutional and Administrative Law,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院、北京大学宪法与行政法研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2022年第6期29-40,共12页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“地方性立法事务与央地立法权分配研究”(项目编号:19CFX025);2017年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目子课题“规制改革与政务公开”(项目编号:17JJD820002)。

摘　　要：现行行政许可设定权的分配制度中存在诸多模糊之处,而作为其主要规范基础的法律保留原则却难以提供清晰的指引。科学合理的许可设定权制度框架应在一定程度上融合立法实践中实际形成的规则。通过对我国各类法源文件所设定许可的梳理可以发现,不同立法机关关注的重点有所区别。这不仅体现了有差异的社会管理需求,也反映了立法机关在规范层面对许可设定权的不同认知。基于立法实践的启示,法律之下的规范设定的许可应主要针对经济性活动,资源配置类许可的设定权可被赋予对资源有使用权的主体行使,在政策不稳定的领域中有必要允许更灵活的许可设定行为,同时,许可的具体规定权应根据不同情况而区别对待。There are many ambiguities in the current distribution system of the power of setting administrative license, but the principle of legal reservation as its main normative basis is difficult to provide clear guidance. A scientific and reasonable institutional framework for the power to set licenses should be integrated to a certain extent with the rules actually formed in legislative practice. By sorting out the licenses set by various legal source documents in my country, it can be found that the focus of different legislatures is different. This not only reflects the different social management needs, but also reflects the different perceptions of the legislature on the power to set licenses at the normative level. Based on the inspiration of legislative practice, the licenses set by the norms below the law should be mainly aimed at economic activities, and the power to set the licenses for resource allocation can be exercised by the subjects who have the right to use the resources. It is necessary in the field of unstable policies to allow for more flexible licensing behavior, and at the same time, the power of specifying license should be treated differently according to different situations.

关 键 词：行政许可 设定权 一般禁止 自由 地方性事务 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]