智能行政执法的过程机理及其冲突调适  

Process Mechanism and Conflict Adjustment of Intelligent Administrative Law Enforcement

作　　者：冯子轩[1,2] FENG Zi-xuan(School of Artificial Intelligence and Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120;Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100720)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学人工智能法学院,重庆401120 [2]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2022年第6期75-85,共11页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：2019年度司法部国家法治与法学理论研究一般项目“人工智能时代环境风险规制的行政程序再造”(项目批准号:19SFB2017);2020年度智能司法研究重庆市2011协同创新中心重点招标项目“政府数据开放风险及其法律应对”(项目编号:ZNSF2020K01);2019年度重庆市高等教育学会高等教育科学研究重点项目“双一流背景下的人工智能+法律复合专业培养新模式研究:以西南政法大学人工智能法专业为例”(项目编号:CQGJ19A07);2020年度重庆市研究生教育教学改革研究一般项目“人工智能+法学学科群建设的实践与探索”(项目编号:yjg203044)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：智能行政执法现象的出现,给传统行政程序理念下的行政执法体系带来了显著冲击。这涉及:在智能行政执法系统设计阶段中,不确定法律概念与计算机语言的转换矛盾;在智能行政执法系统运行阶段中,智能执法程序与正当程序原则的自洽矛盾;在智能行政执法系统实施及实施后阶段中,算法黑箱与行政公开性原则的背离矛盾等。应从行政程序基本理论切入,归纳分析智能技术在现有行政执法环节中产生的新型驱动力以及现实阻碍,进而寻求兼顾行政效能、技术发展与各方主体可接受程度的平衡方案。The emergence of the phenomenon of“intelligent administrative law enforcement”has brought a significant impact on administrative law enforcement under the traditional concept of administrative procedures.This involves:in the design stage of intelligent administrative law enforcement system,contradiction of conversion between uncertain legal concept and computer language;in the operation stage of intelligent administrative law enforcement system,the self-consistent contradiction between intelligent law enforcement procedures and the principle of due process;in the implementation and post-implementation stages of intelligent administrative law enforcement system,the contradiction between the algorithm black box and the principle of administrative openness,etc.We should start with the basic theory of administrative procedures,summarize and analyze the new driving forces and practical obstacles generated by intelligent technology in all aspects of the existing administrative law enforcement,and then seek a balanced plan that takes into account administrative efficiency,technological development and the acceptability of all parties.

关 键 词：人工智能 智能行政执法 行政裁量 正当程序 不确定法律概念 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]