论行政法上的无因管理  

On Negotiorum Gestio in Administrative Law

作　　者：昝强龙 ZAN Qiang-long(Law School,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2022年第6期126-138,共13页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(编号:2722022BQ018);2022教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“债法请求权框架下行政法债务关系理论研究”(项目编号:22YJCZH229)。

摘　　要：当行政主体与私人互为管理事务时,因此产生的管理费用能否主张偿还,这即“公法无因管理”的适用之争。公法无因管理存在三种类型,但为检讨方便,可将其分为“行政主体为他人管理事务”与“私人为行政主体管理事务”两个大类。公法无因管理的成立受私法与公法规范的双重检验,规制不同类型的考虑因素存在显著差异,难以有效统一。“混合事务”理论加剧了这种分裂趋势。公法无因管理的法律效果集中于费用偿还,其与公法不当得利存在竞合关系。对于公法无因管理可否适用民法规定,现有法未予确认,该法律漏洞可通过类推适用民法典规定的方法加以填补。未来行政法法典的编纂应对该问题加以回应,以此完善我国行政法债务关系的体系。When administrative subjects and private individuals manage affairs for each other, there is a theoretical dispute over whether the management expenses can be subject to negotiorum gestio. Theoretically, there are three types of negotiorum gestio in public law, but for the convenience, they can be divided into two categories: administrative subjects manage affairs for others and private individuals manage affairs for administrative subjects. Negotiorum gestio in public law is subject to both rules in the private law and administrative law. There are different elements considered by different types, and it is difficult to unify them. The mixed affairs theory reinforces this divisive trend. The legal effect of negotiorum gestio in public law is concentrated in the reimbursement of expenses, which leads to concurrence with the unjust enrichment in public law. Since it is not confirmed by the existing rules, this legal loophole can be filled by analogy applying Chinese Civil Code. The codification of the administrative law should respond to this problem, so as to improve the obligation system in administrative law.

关 键 词：公法无因管理 归属 费用偿还 职权法定 行政法债务关系 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D923[政治法律—法学]