社会政治现象的复杂意涵与比较方法的发展  

The Complex Meaning of Social and Political Phenomena and the Development of Comparative Methods

作　　者：李路曲 赫婧如 Li Luqu;He Jingru

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学与法政学院,上海200234

出　　处：《学海》2022年第6期52-61,共10页Academia Bimestris

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“比较政治学的学科范畴研究”(项目号:19BZZ008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现实社会的发展不仅要求研究者通过量性方法和“单一性”理论对广泛的社会政治现象进行分析,还需要运用“综合性”的方法和理论研究社会政治现象内涵的复杂性即结构特质和多维度的多因多果关系。而“综合性”方法和理论必须以综合性变量即“集合变量”为研究单位。实际上,比较方法和理论的发展一直在回应现实世界的复杂性,即在设计单一性的量性方法和建立理性主义、文化主义、结构主义这种单一理论的同时,也在不断探求多元综合性的比较方法和理论:“多元混合方法”及其多元研究路径将理性主义、文化主义、结构主义相互整合的趋势,尤其是新制度主义各种综合性理论模型的建立和发展,都是围绕着解决社会政治现象的复杂性和多重因果关系而发展的。与方法和理论的建构相呼应,研究者也在探索建立将不同层次的社会政治现象联系起来的“综合性的或集合型的变量”,这是研究多因多果关系的基础。The development of real society not only requires researchers to analyze a wide range of social and political phenomena through quantitative methods and “unity” theory, but also needs to use “comprehensive” methods and theories to study the complexity of the connotation of social and political phenomena, that is, the structural characteristics and multi-dimensional multi cause and multi effect relationship. The “comprehensive” method and theory must take the comprehensive variable, that is, the “set variable” as the research unit. In fact, the development of comparative methods and theories has been responding to the complexity of the real world, that is, while designing a single quantitative method and establishing a single theory of rationalism, culturism and structuralism, it is also constantly exploring diversified and comprehensive comparative methods and theories: The “multiple mixed method” and its multiple research paths, the trend of integrating rationalism, culturism and structuralism, especially the establishment and development of various comprehensive theoretical models of new institutionalism, are all developed around solving the complexity and multiple causality of social and political phenomena. In response to the construction of methods and theories, researchers are also exploring the establishment of “comprehensive or collective variables” that connect social and political phenomena at different levels, which is the basis for studying the relationship between multiple causes and multiple results.

关 键 词：比较研究 多维现象 集合变量 混合方法 混合理论 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学] C03[社会学]