基于三维视角的贸易强国建设:理论逻辑及中国实践  

A Study of China’s Trader of Quality Strategy from the Perspective of Three Dimensions

作　　者：陈思萌[1] 王维[1] Chen Simeng;Wang Wei

机构地区：[1]江苏省社会科学院世界经济研究所,南京210004

出　　处：《学海》2022年第6期158-167,共10页Academia Bimestris

摘　　要：改革开放四十多年以来,中国实现了对外贸易的跨越式发展。但随着经济全球化的深刻演变,中国对外贸易“大而不强”的矛盾日益凸显,贸易强国建设迫在眉睫。本文构建了基于国际竞争力、国内资源配置和国际规则话语权的三维视角分析框架,通过与公认的贸易强国相比较,深入揭示中国贸易强国建设的现状、差距及问题。研究发现:(1)中国的出口竞争力迅速提升,主要源于出口扩张能力的大规模增长,但是仍存在高级要素禀赋匮乏、国内市场容量不足等问题,导致中国进口替代能力相对较弱,出口竞争力水平与美国仍有不小差距。(2)中国出口贸易对国内资源配置效率的影响不大,主要是由于价格机制不完善、市场基础设施跨区域衔接不畅,以及要素跨区域流动存在障碍。(3)中国并未获得与全球贸易地位相匹配的国际规则话语权,美国在国际货币基金组织、世界贸易组织等国际组织中的强势干扰给中国参与全球经贸治理设置了多重挑战。因此,要想深入推进贸易强国建设,需要培育本土高级要素、激发国内市场潜力、健全国内市场机制、厘清政府管理边界、保障要素自由流动,以及参与国际规则建设。China has achieved great development in foreign trade during the past 40 years.However,its foreign trade is large in scale but not strong.This paper constructs a three-dimensional perspective analysis framework,based on the international competitiveness,the domestic resource allocation and the international discourse power.It revels that:(1)The rapid increase of China’s export competitiveness is mainly due to export’s large scale,but the import substition is still weak.(2)China’s export trade has little impact on domestic resource allocation efficiency,and the obstacles should be cleared.(3)The USA poses strong influnce on IMF and WTO,interfering China to gain her matching role in international rules.Therefore,it is necessary to cultivate local advanced factors,to stimulate the potential of the domestic market,to improve the domestic market mechanism,to clarify the boundary of government management,to ensure the free flowing of factors,and to participate in the construction of international rules.

关 键 词：贸易强国 国际竞争力 国内资源配置 国际规则话语权 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]