电动出租车预约-违约充电机制及优化决策模型  

Reservation-default Charging Mechanism for Electric Taxis and Optimal Decision Model

作　　者：李长云 蔡淑媛 徐敏灵 LI Changyun;CAI Shuyuan;XU Minling(College of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,Shandong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学电气与自动化工程学院,山东省青岛市266590

出　　处：《电网技术》2022年第11期4444-4455,共12页Power System Technology

摘　　要：预约充电机制下违约情况的存在对电动汽车和充电站产生不良影响,为规范电动汽车充电和约束充电站服务行为,该文提出一种预约–违约充电机制,并提出了相应的违约判据和违约豁免准则,进而建立了电动出租车的优化充电决策模型。首先明确了预约–违约充电机制下的电动出租车(electrical taxi,ET)充电成本,预约系统可根据ET优化充电决策模型为用户提供最优的充电方案;然后基于价格需求弹性系数表征了充电负荷的转移;最后,计算了充电站净收益。算例表明,预约–违约机制下,电动出租车的单位电量综合成本发生改变,通过选择最优充电方案,一方面,电动出租车充电成本约降低8.3%,另一方面,优化充电决策模型通过价格杠杆起到调节充电负荷分布的作用,同时由于违约惩罚的存在,充电站净收益约增加7%。该文所得结果可为电动出租车用户的充电决策提供参考,同时可为规范电动汽车用户行为、提高现有充电站设备利用率及提升充电站承担公共服务功能提供新思路。existence of defaults under the reservation charging mechanism has a negative impact on the electric vehicles and the charging stations. In order to standardize the charging behavior of the electric vehicles(EVs) and restrict the service behavior of the charging stations, a novel reservation-default charging mechanism is proposed,meanwhile, the criteria on default judging and the exemption of liability for breach of contract are developed. With the proposed reservation-default charging mechanism, this paper first clarified the ET(electrical taxi) charging costs so that the reservation system can provide the ET users with the optimal charging plans based on the optimization charging decision model;Then, the transfer of the charging load is characterized based on the price demand elasticity coefficient. Finally, the net income of the charging stations is also calculated. The calculation example shows that the comprehensive cost of the electric taxis per unit of electricity changes under the reservation-default mechanism and the charging cost of the electric taxis is reduced by about 8.3% by choosing the optimal charging scheme. On the other hand, the optimized charging decision model adjusts the charging load distribution through price levers;At the same time, the net income of the charging stations increase by approximately 7% due to the change of the charging decisions and the penalties. The results offer a guidance for the charging decisions of the ET users, and provide new ideas for standardizing the user behavior of EVs,improving the utilization rate of the existing charging stations and optimizing their public service functions.

关 键 词：预约–违约充电机制 违约判据 违约豁免 优化充电决策模型 

分 类 号：TM721[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]