大数据时代数据正义的法律构建  

Legal Construction of Data Justice in the Era of Big Data

作　　者：郑智航[1] 雷海玲 Zheng Zhihang;Lei Hailing(the Law School of Shandong University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2022年第5期73-88,共16页Journal of National Prosecutors College

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“大数据时代下的司法理论与实践研究”(16JJD820004);山东大学人文社会科学创新团队资助项目“全面依法治国战略实施中的数据运用与数据治理”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着大数据时代的来临,数据正义愈来愈成为国内与国际层面的迫切要求。传统的数据分配正义范式作为应对数据控制者与数据主体利益失衡的首选方案,其与生俱来的局限性动摇了平等分配的理论根基。在数据分配正义范式下,实践中存在的不正义问题难以从理论层面寻求有效解决方案,数据控制者与数据主体之间的不平等进一步加剧,这成为该范式难以克服的现实瓶颈。数据分配正义范式之所以面临从理论到实践的双重掣肘,最根本的原因在于忽视了社会结构与制度语境的重要性。数据利益的分配受到数字资本结构、权力结构以及全球正义结构的三重制约,这从结构根源上导致了数据主体在数据利益分配过程中的劣势地位。消除数据不正义不能仅仅依靠再分配,数据正义的基础应当是结构数据正义,需要运用法律手段从源头上遏制不公正的社会结构。With the advent of the era of big data,data justice has increasingly become an urgent demand at the domestic and international levels.As the first choice to deal with the imbalance between data controllers and data subjects,the traditional paradigm of distributive data justice has its inherent limitation,which shakes the theoretical foundation of equal distribution.While it is difficult to find effective solutions to the injustice in practice at the theoretical level,the inequality between data controllers and data subjects is further intensified,becoming a practical bottleneck of distributive data justice.The fundamental reason why the paradigm of data distribution justice faces the double constraints from theory to practice is that it ignores the social structure and institutional context.The distribution of data interests is restricted by digital capital structure,power structure and global justice structure,which determines the inferior position of data subjects in the distribution of data benefits.The elimination of data injustice cannot only rely on redistribution,the basis of data justice should be structural data justice,and it is necessary to use legal means to curb the unjust social structure from the source.

关 键 词：利益失衡 数据正义 分配正义 结构正义 法律规制 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]