魏玛共和国时期德国社会保障制度体系的确立及启示  

The Establishment of the German Social Security System during the Weimar Republic and its Enlightment

作　　者：丁建定 DING Jianding

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学社会学院 [2]华中科技大学养老服务研究中心

出　　处：《社会政策研究》2022年第3期124-136,共13页Social Policy Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“西方社会保障制度史(多卷本)”(项目编号:19ZDA234)。

摘　　要：魏玛共和国时期(1919—1933年)德国社会保障制度有了重要发展:1919年颁布的《魏玛宪法》实现了德国公民社会保障权益的宪法化;建立起包括养老、工伤、医疗、失业和矿工保险在内的五大社会保险制度体系;养老保险制度待遇、疾病保险制度管理和工伤事故保险覆盖面等都有明显的发展变化;建立起涵盖失业者、残疾军人及阵亡军人遗属、社会保险金领取者和普通养老金领取者等在内的公共救济制度,救济理念发生了根本变化。这些重要发展变化使得魏玛共和国时期成为德国现代社会保障制度体系确立的时代,对于完善中国特色社会保障制度体系具有重要的启示。During the period of the Weimar Republic(1919–1933),the German social security system had important developments.The Weimar Constitution promulgated in 1919,with its constitutionalization of the social security rights,recognized the interests of German citizens.Five major social insurance schemes covering the pension,work injury,medical care,unemployment and miners'insurance were established.The benefits of the pension insurance system,the management of the disease insurance system,and the coverage of work-related accident insurance have all undergone significant developments and changes.Moreover,a public relief system covering the unemployed,benefits,disabled soldiers,social insurance recipients,and general pension recipients was established,witnessing fundamental changes in the concept of social assistance in Germany.These important developments make the period of the Weimar Republic an era in which the modern German social security system was established,which has important implications for the improvement of the social security system with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：社会保障权益 社会保险制度 公共救济制度 社会保障体制 

分 类 号：D751.6[政治法律—政治学] K516.43[政治法律—中外政治制度]