植物蛋白酶抑制剂的抗虫性研究进展  

Advances in plant protease inhibitors against insects

作　　者：张娜 刘志伟 刘德广[1] ZHANG Na;LIU Zhiwei;LIU Deguang(College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物保护》2022年第6期238-247,277,共11页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31971431)。

摘　　要：蛋白酶抑制剂(protease inhibitors, PIs)是一种小分子多肽或蛋白质,广泛存在于植物组织中。植物蛋白酶抑制剂可调控昆虫内源性蛋白酶活性,参与细胞程序性死亡等生理过程;能进入昆虫消化道,抑制蛋白酶水解活性,干扰昆虫正常生长发育,从而有助于相关植物抵御昆虫为害。相关研究虽然很多,但不少基本问题仍需要进一步深入探讨,如昆虫识别食物中PIs的模式和策略、昆虫防御PIs涉及的关键基因和相关机制调控元件等。对于刺吸式口器昆虫如蚜虫,寄主植物蛋白酶抑制剂的抗虫性除了抑制蛋白酶的水解活性,也表现在对其免疫系统和繁殖能力的调节功能上,但其作用涉及的独特生理生化机制目前仍不清楚。随着分子生物学和组学技术的快速发展,快速筛选新型、高效蛋白酶抑制剂已成为可能,这些新型、高效PIs与转基因技术、纳米技术、RNA干扰等新技术的结合使用,将在各种害虫包括蚜虫等刺吸式害虫的绿色防控中具有重要价值和广泛应用前景。本文综述了植物蛋白酶抑制剂近年来的研究进展,探讨了植物蛋白酶抑制剂的生理功能、昆虫的适应机制以及在蚜虫防治方面的最新研究成果,并展望了蛋白酶抑制剂研究的未来发展趋势及在害虫绿色防治方面的应用前景。Protease inhibitors(PI), which are small molecular peptides and proteins, are widely distributed in different plant tissues. They can regulate endogenous protease activities in insects, participate in physiological processes such as cell death, inhibit protease hydrolysis activities in the digestive tract of insects, and interfere with the normal growth and development of insects. There are already numerous studies on PIs, but further research is still needed for many basic questions, such as the modes for insects’ recognition of plant PIs, key molecular factors and mechanisms for insects’ defense against PIs, and related regulatory components. For sucking insects like aphids, plant protease inhibitors can also regulate their immune system and reproductive ability, but the underlying unique physiological and biochemical mechanisms remain unknown. With the rapid development of molecular biology and omics techniques, it is possible to rapidly screen novel and highly-effective PIs against insects, and to develop new environment-friendly strategies combining the use of transgenic technology, nanotechnology, and RNAi. New PIs will have great value and wide application prospects in future sustainable management of various insect pests including sucking insects like aphids. In this review, we summarized the latest research progresses, physiological functions of plant protease inhibitors, adaptive mechanisms of insects, and the latest studies on the use of PIs in aphid control, and we also discussed the prospects for future research and application of PIs in pest control.

关 键 词：蛋白酶抑制剂 生理功能 抗虫性 适应机制 蚜虫治理 

分 类 号：S482.39[农业科学—农药学]