基于聚氨酯的高分子功能材料的导电响应特征  

Conductive Response Characteristics of Polymer Functional Materials Based on Polyurethane

作　　者：仉月仙 李覃 ZHANG Yuexian;LI Qin(City College,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650051,China;Kunming Shipbuilding Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650051,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学城市学院,云南昆明650051 [2]云南昆船烟草设备有限公司,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《塑料工业》2022年第11期124-130,共7页China Plastics Industry

摘　　要：复合型弹性体功能材料运用于柔性传感领域具有广阔前景,电学特性是影响功能性的关键。分别将超导炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨与聚氨酯柔性基体共混融合合成一类弹性体功能复合材料,研究了复合材料在不同弹塑性变形特性情况下的电学性能,探索了复合材料在外力作用以及不同形变弯曲角度情况下的电学特征,讨论了不同温度环境对复合材料电学性能的影响规律。研究表明填料导电性能越好,在复合材料硬度范围60~80 HA的电阻率变化越小;施加外力作用时,复合材料电阻率刚开始突变明显,在7~8 N以后变化平缓均保持较好的线性度;材料从180°到100°形变弯曲时,电阻均呈下降趋势,添加导电性强的填料的材料线性度较好;温度上升,电阻先增后降,均具有正温度系数效应又具有负温度系数效应,转折点在60℃左右。研究结果为进一步研发基于复合弹性体功能材料的柔性传感器提供了参考。The application of composite elastomer functional materials in the field of flexible sensing had broad prospects,and electrical properties were the key factors affecting functional applications.A kind of elastic functional materials were synthesized by blending and fusing carbon black,carbon nanotubes,graphite with polyurethane flexible matrix,respectively.The electrical properties of the composites under different elastic-plastic deformation characteristics were studied.And electrical characteristics were also investigated under the action of external forces and different deformation and bending angles.Furthermore,the regular pattern of influence of different temperature on the electrical properties of the composites is discussed.The research shows that the better the conductivity of the filler is,the smaller the change of resistivity is in the hardness range of 60~80 HA of the composite.When an external force is applied,the resistivity of the composite elastomer changes sharply at the beginning,after the force of 7~8 N,the changes are gentle and keep good linearity.When the material is deformed and bent from 180°to 100°degrees,the resistance shows a downward trend and the materials with good conductivity present better linearity.As the temperature rises,the resistance first increases and then decreases,which shows both positive temperature coefficient effect and negative temperature coefficient effect.The turning point is about 60℃.The research results provide a reference for the development of flexible sensors based on composite elastomer functional materials.

关 键 词：聚氨酯 功能材料 电学性能 柔性传感器 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]