拜占庭伊苏里亚王朝农村社会经济复苏考析--兼论“黑暗时代”说法  

An Analysis of the Rural Socio-Economic Recovery of the Byzantine Isaurian Dynasty-Also a Discussion of the“Dark Age”

作　　者：李继荣[1] 徐家玲[2] LI Jirong;XU Jialing

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学历史与政治学院,贵阳550001 [2]东北师范大学历史文化学院,长春130024

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2022年第4期66-78,127,共14页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“仁爱与严苛的统一:拜占庭《法律选编》研究”(18FSS012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为以农业为根基的帝国,农村社会经济的兴衰决定了拜占庭帝国的强弱沉浮。6—7世纪因内忧外患,农村社会经济遭受重创,手工业和商业日渐萧条,军事频繁失利,帝国濒临危亡。自7世纪推行军区制改革,农兵阶层形成,小农队伍壮大,农业生产劳动力日益充足,至伊苏里亚王朝建立,官方正式颁修《法律选编》《士兵法》和《农业法》,明确农兵人员的权利义务、农业生产的秩序规范,确保了农村生产社会经济的复苏,进而推动了手工业与商业的发展。因此,军事改革与农事立法为帝国摆脱军事危机和实现复兴奠定了基础,也从侧面印证了部分学者认为该王朝为“黑暗时代”的说法不可信。As an empire based on agriculture,the rise and decline of the rural socio-economy determined the strength of the Byzantine empire.In the 6^(th) and 7^(th) centuries,due to internal and external troubles,the rural socio-economy suffered heavy losses,handicraft and commerce became increasingly depressed,and military defeats were frequent,and the empire was on the verge of extinction.After the reform of the“θέμα”was implemented in the 7^(th) century,the peasant-soldier class was formed,the ranks of small peasants were expanded,and the agricultural production labor force became increasingly abundant.After the establishment of the Isaurian Dynasty in 717,the official promulgation and revision of the Ecloga,Soldier’s Law and Farmer’s Law,clarified the rights and obligations of peasants and soldiers,the order and norms of agricultural production,ensured the socio-economic recovery of rural production,and then promoted the development of handicrafts and commerce.Therefore,military reform and agricultural legislation laid the foundation for the empire to emerge from military crisis and achieve revival,and confirmed some scholars thought that the Isaurian dynasty was a“Dark Age”was not credible.

关 键 词：拜占庭 伊苏里亚王朝 农村社会经济 复苏 

分 类 号：F319[经济管理—产业经济] K134[历史地理—历史学]