北洋政府与云南地方内债的发借  

The Beiyang Government and Yunnan’s Domestic Debts

作　　者：毕学进 BI Xuejin

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学中国财政史研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2022年第4期103-113,127,共12页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“近代中国政府间事权与财权划分研究”(20AJY018)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：北洋政府时期云南省财政拮据,省政府旋即发行随粮公债、护国公债、靖国公债等总计1700万元内债,并通过富滇银行增发纸币提借了近9000万元巨款以应财困。巨额内债引发了央地政局态势变化。在北洋政府初期,中央政府严控地方举债,通过地方“请款”方式控制地方财权,以期增强中央对地方的控制能力。然中央财力素来不敷,云南省多次向中央请款皆无果而终。在获准发行靖国军用公债后,云南省迅速用这笔公债扩充靖国军,壮大滇军实力。而后,云南省绕过中央,自行发行了省库券等多支内债,还向富滇银行筹借巨款,以资军需。由此壮大了唐继尧的滇系军事力量,成为与中央分庭抗礼的重要资本。自由发借内债成为加剧地方与中央进一步离散的重要因素。Due to the remoteness and poverty,the fiscal revenue of Yunnan Province during the Beiyang government was insufficient.In order to cope with financial difficulties,the provincial government issued a total of 17 million yuan’government bonds such as the Suiliang bond,the Huguo bond,the Jingguo bond,etc.,and borrowed nearly 90 million yuan through the additional issue of paper money by Fudian Bank.The huge amount of domestic debts triggered changes in the political situation between the central and local.In the early period of the Beiyang government,the central government strictly controlled domestic debts.In order to enhance governing,the central government controlled local financial power through the way of“requestion for funds”.However,the central’s financial resources had always been insufficient,and Yunnan Province had repeatedly requested for funds,but to no avail.After issuing the Jingguo military bond,Yunnan Province quickly used it to expand and strengthen its army.After that,without the approval of the central government,Yunnan Province issued a number of bonds,including provincial treasury bills,and also borrowed a large amount of money from Fudian Bank to fund military supplies.This strengthened the Yunnan military force led by Tang Jiyao and became the important capital to fight against the central government.Yunnan might not be an exception.For expanding armaments and extending borders,issue of bonds and paper money were prevailing in local provinces.This may be an important reason for the further discrete between local and central government.

关 键 词：北洋政府 云南省 内债发借 滇军 地方实力派 

分 类 号：K258.2[历史地理—历史学] F812.9[历史地理—中国史]