轻小型无人机锂电池在冲击载荷下机械/电化学耦合失效特性试验  

Mechanical/Electrochemical Coupling Failure Characteristics Tests of Light and Small UAVs Lithium Battery under Impact Load

作　　者：郭亚周 刘小川[1] 白春玉[1] 贾璞 郭斌[3] GUO Ya-zhou;LIU Xiao-chuan;BAI Chun-yu;JIA Pu;GUO Bin(Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics,China Aircraft Strength Research Institute,Xi an 710065,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi an Jiaotong University,Xi an 710049,China;School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国飞机强度研究所,结构冲击动力学航空科技重点实验室,西安710065 [2]西安交通大学机械工程学院,西安710049 [3]北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京102206

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2022年第31期14002-14010,共9页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：工信部民机科研项目(MJ-2018-F-18)。

摘　　要：为研究轻小型无人机锂电池在受到冲击载荷下的动响应特性及其可能产生的内短路、热失稳以及起火爆炸的规律,开展了轻小型无人机锂电池在落锤冲击下的测试试验,研究了不同落锤跌落能量下撞击载荷、响应模式、电压和温度变化,结合电池的机械响应及其电化学参数变化综合分析了轻小型无人机电池的安全性。研究结果表明:电池单体在受到不同能量落锤撞击后分为三种响应模式:低能量冲击模式、中能量冲击模式、高能量冲击模式;电池冲击载荷以及电池自身的电压变化与冲击能量的变化具有明显的相关性,电池电压和冲击载荷互为影响,具有强关联的耦合特性;电池电量与电池撞击过程中的压降规律、趋势和幅度等电化学性能之间并未有明显的耦合关系,但是对电池受撞击后的着火、爆炸等安全性后果具有重要影响。The civil light and small UAVs industry which brings convenience presents an explosive development,while its security problems increasingly prominent.In order to study the dynamic response characteristics,the possible internal short circuit,thermal runaway and fire laws of the lithium-ion batteries of light and small UAVs under strong impact,the tests of lithium-ion batteries of light and small UAVs under the drop-weight impact were carried out,and the impact loads,response modes,voltage and temperature changes under different impact energy were studied.Combined with the mechanical.comresponses and electrochemical performances of the batteries,the safety of the batteries for light and small UAVs were comprehensively analyzed.The results show that the battery cells mainly show three response modes after the impact.low energy impact mode;medium energy impact mode and high energy impact mode.There is a significant correlation between the changes of battery stiffness,battery voltage and impact energy.The battery voltage and impact energy influence each other and have strong coupling characteristics.There are no obvious coupling relationships between the state of charge(SOC)and the electrochemical performances of the batteries such as voltage drop law,trend and amplitude during the impact processes,but it has an important impact on the safety consequences such as fire and explosion of the battery after impact.

关 键 词：无人机锂电池 落锤冲击 机械/电化学 响应模式 失效特性 

分 类 号：V214.8[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]