膜下滴灌水氮空间调控对机采棉群体塑造及产量的影响  

Machine-picked Cotton Population Shaping and Yield under Mulch Drip Irrigation with Different Spatial Distribution of Water and Nitrogen

作　　者：蒲胜海[1,2,3] 王则玉 丁峰[1,2] 牛新湘 金秀勤[4] 马红红 马兴旺[1,2] 李磐 彭银双 刘小利[1,2] 涂永峰 赵冬梅[3] 李小伟 李韵同[1] PU Shenghai;WANG Zeyu;DING Feng;NIU Xinxiang;JIN Xiuqin;MA Honghong;MA Xingwnag;LI Pan;PENG Yinshuang;LIU Xiaoli;TU Yongfeng;ZHAO Dongmei;LI Xiaowei;LI Yuntong(Research Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Agricultural Environment of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China;Xinjiang Huier Agricultural Group Co.Ltd,Changji Xinjiang 831100,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Urumqi Jingcheng Detection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆慧尔农业集团股份有限公司,新疆昌吉831100 [4]新疆农业大学资源与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [5]乌鲁木齐京诚检测技术有限公司,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第8期1838-1846,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金(NYBXBLZ-201703);农业部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金(NYBXBLZ-201805);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0800804);新疆棉田面源污染定位监测预警田间标准实验室条件建设项目。

摘　　要：【目的】研究膜下滴灌水氮空间调控对机采棉群体塑造及产量的影响。【方法】以新陆中66号为供试品种,试验采用大田裂区试验设计,主区为膜内不同滴灌带条数,分别为2、3和5条(分别标记为G_(2)、G_(3)、G_(5));副区为不同施氮量,分布为0、238、317、396 kg/hm^(2)(分别标记为N_(0)、N_(1)、N_(2)、N_(3)),研究棉花生育期内不同水氮处理对群体指标、叶面积指数、干物质积累、产量和氮肥农学效应的影响。【结果】施氮量对机采棉群体塑造影响极显著,滴灌带布置条数对茎粗和果枝始节高度有显著影响;增加布管数量和施氮量可增加机采棉的叶面积指数,并在生育中后期达到显著影响;机采棉地上部分干物质积累量、单株铃数、单铃重、衣分和籽棉产量均随着施氮量的增加而呈单峰趋势,在N_(2)水平下有最大值;滴灌带条数和施氮量的交互作用对果枝始节果枝始节高度、吐絮初期干物质积累量和产量的影响显著。【结论】水氮空间调控会显著影响棉花群体塑造和产量。适合“10 cm-66 cm-10 cm-66 cm-10 cm”机采棉模式的水氮组合为G_(5)N_(2);考虑种植成本,也可选用G_(3)N_(2)组合,但需要适当提高其灌水频率,并对应减少灌水定额。【Objective】The spatial regulation of water and nitrogen has great benefits to shape the ideal machine-picked cotton population.【Method】Xinluzhong 66 was taken as the tested variety,the split-zone test design was adopted with three drip irrigation belt layouts of 2,3 and 5(marked as G_(2),G_(3), and G_(5),respectively)in the main zone and four nitrogen fertilizer topdressing strategies of 0,238,317 and 396 kg/hm^(2)(marked as N_(0),N_(1),N_(2)andN_(3),respectively)in the sub-zone.Effects of different treatments on population index,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,yield and agronomic effects of N fertilizer in cotton growth period were analyzed.【Results】Nitrogen application rate had a significant effect on the molding of machine-picked cotton population,and the number of drip irrigation belt arrangement had a significant effect on stem diameter and the height of fruit branch beginning.The leaf area index(LAI)of machine-picked cotton was increased by increasing the number of tubes and nitrogen application,and was significantly affected in the middle and late growth period.Above-ground dry matter accumulation,boll number per plant,boll weight per plant,lint percentage and seed cotton yield of machine-picked cotton showed a single-peak trend with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and had the maximum value at N2 level.The interaction between the number of drip irrigation strips and nitrogen application rate had significant effects on the initial height of fruit branches,dry matter accumulation at the beginning of boll opening and yield.【Conclusion】Machine-picked cotton population shaping and yield are significantly affected by spatial regulation of water and nitrogen.As for“10 cm-66 cm-10 cm-66 cm-10 cm”machine-picked cotton mode,the recommended combination of water and nitrogen is ^G_(5)N_(2).Considering the planting cost,G_(3)N_(2) combination can also be selected,but the irrigation frequency should be appropriately increased and the irrigation quota should be correspondingly reduce

关 键 词：机采棉 水氮空间分布 膜下滴灌 株型塑造 产量 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]