天山中段主要草地类型牧草饲用价值评价与动态分析  

Evaluation and Dynamic Analysis of Forage Value of Main Grassland Types in the Middle Section of Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：张鲜花[1] 李江艳 朱进忠[1] ZHANG Xianhua;LI Jiangyan;ZHU Jinzhong(College of Grassland and Environment Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院/新疆草地资源与生态实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第8期2051-2057,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划(XJEDU2021I013)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究放牧条件下草地群落质量动态。【方法】采用连续定位测定方法,分析1985~2001年间植物群落牧草饲用价值动态。【结果】(1)饲用价值评定上,荒漠草原草地植物群落中,良等牧草是群落植物组成的主体,占群落历年平均地上生物量的80.1%;草原草地植物群落中,优等牧草与良等牧草占群落地上生物量的59.5%;草甸草地组成群落牧草的饲用价值较低,中、低等牧草占历年平均值的91.6%。(2)牧草饲用价值动态上,各类型草地牧草的地上生物量均处于波动状态之下,草地类型不同,群落植物的消长变化规律不同,群落中饲用价值高的类群要较低的类群年变率大。【结论】(1)草地群落牧草饲用价值不稳定,受组成群落各类牧草地上生物量的波动影响较大;(2)3类草地牧草不同类群的数量消长模式,各年度间始终处于连续的波动状态,且年度之间波动系数、年变率较大;(3)山地荒漠草原、山地草原草地的波动具有可逆性,而山地草甸主要类群饲用价值变化,不具备可逆性,是过度利用导致群落饲用价值退化的表现。【Objective】Tianshan is an important mountain pasture in Xinjiang.In order to liberate the dynamics of grassland community quality under grazing conditions.【Method】the continuous positioning method was used to analyze the forage value dynamics of plant communities from 1985 to 2001.【Result】The research results showed that:(1)the good forage was the main composition in the desert steppe which can account for 80.1%of the average aboveground biomass over the years;and the excellent and good forage can account for 59.5%of the aboveground biomass in grassland;the value of the meadow grass communitye was low,and the medium and low forage grasses can account for 91.6%of the average over the years.(2)the aboveground biomass had a state of fluctuation in different grassland types,and different grassland types have different rules.it had lower annual variability in high forage value and lower annual variability in the community.【Conclusion】(1)The forage value of the grassland community is unstable,and it is greatly affected by the fluctuation of the biomass on the various pasture grasslands of the community.(2)The three types of grassland forages have different types of growth and decline patterns,which are always in continuous fluctuations between each year,and the fluctuation coefficient and annual variability between the years are large.(3)The fluctuations of the mountain desert grassland and mountain grassland are reversible,while the mountain grassland The changes in the feeding value of the main groups of the meadows cannot be completely restored to the original state,but only approaching the equilibrium state,which is a manifestation of the degradation of the community's feeding value due to over-utilization.

关 键 词：牧草饲用价值 波动系数 年变率 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]