云南边境五城市空气污染物分布特征  

Spatiotemporal characteristics of ambient air pollutants in five border cities of Yunnan province:variations

作　　者：郎丽君 崔祥芬 史建武[1] 黄建洪[1] 宁平[1] 郝吉明[1,2] LANG Li-jun;CUI Xiang-fen;SHI Jian-wu;HUANG Jian-hong;NING Ping;HAO Ji-ming(Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2022年第11期5008-5015,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家地区基金资助项目(21966016)。

摘　　要：利用2015~2021年云南省5个边境城市6种常规大气污染物的质量浓度数据,探究其污染特征、时空变化及空间异质性.结果表明,研究区域污染物年际浓度变化起伏较大,PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)年均浓度分别为(42.6±8.2),(25.4±4.2)μg/m^(3),均低于中国《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)二级浓度限值.PM、NO_(2)和O_(3)-8h月均浓度呈U型变化趋势,其中3月份浓度最高.5个城市PM和NO_(2)浓度季节变化均表现为:春季>冬季>秋季>夏季,O_(3)-8h表现为:春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,而CO冬季污染程度最小,SO_(2)无明显的季节变化规律.根据Sen-MK的逐日浓度趋势分析,污染物总体呈现下降趋势,其中PM10下降速率最高达11×10^(-3)μg/(m^(3)⋅d),而O_(3)-8h呈现上升趋势.变异系数(COD)表明,污染物的空间分布极不均匀,特别是SO_(2)的COD均大于0.2,春季O_(3)-8h空间分布更加均匀.Person相关分析表明,PM与NO_(2)、CO、O_(3)-8h表现出较强的相关性,且西双版纳(BN)PM与其他大气污染物相关性较其他城市强.The pollution characteristics,spatiotemporal variation and spatial heterogeneity was explored based on ambient particulate matter(PM with diameter≤2.5μm[PM_(2.5)],≤10μm[PM_(10)])and gaseous pollutants(Ozone[O_(3)],sulfur dioxide[SO_(2)],nitrogen dioxide[NO_(2)],carbon monoxide[CO])data collected from 2015 to 2021 in five border cities of Yunnan province.Annual average concentrations of ambient air pollutants fluctuate enormously and that of PM10(42.6±8.2)μg/m^(3)and PM2.5(25.4±4.2)μg/m^(3)exceed the GradeⅡlimit value recommended the Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards(GB 3095-2012).The monthly average concentrations showed a U-shaped trend for PM,NO_(2)and O_(3)-8h,and their concentrations peaked in March.PM and NO_(2)concentrations followed a comparable seasonal pattern:spring>winter>autumn>summer.By contrast,seasonal average concentration of O_(3)-8h decreased as:spring>summer>autumn>winter and that of CO was the lowest in winter.In addition,SO_(2)showed no obvious seasonal variation.Sen-MK results indicated a general trend of descending in daily average concentrations of ambient air pollutants and PM10 had the highest decline rate at 11×10^(-3)μg/m^(3)per day,while an inverse trend of O_(3)-8h.The coefficient of variation(COD)revealed that the spatial distribution of ambient air pollutants is extremely uneven,especially for SO_(2)with COD>0.2 but that of O_(3)-8h was more uniform in spring.Person correlation analysis supported a strong correlation between PM and NO_(2),CO as well as O_(3)-8h,and correlations between PM and other pollutants are stronger in Xishuangbanna(BN)than other studied cities.

关 键 词：空气污染物 时空变化 Sen's slope 异质性 相关关系 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]